Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Inhibitory Effects of Gastrointestinal Electrical Stimulation on Rectal Tone are both Organ-Specific and Distance-Related in Dogs

  • Original Contribution
  • Published:
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum

Abstract

Purpose

A phenomenon of cross-talk has been noted that electrical stimulation of one part of the gut affects another part of the gut. This study was designed to investigate whether the effect of electrical stimulation of one part of the gut on another part of the gut was related to the organ or the distance between the stimulation site and the affected organ, and the mechanism of ileum electrical stimulation on rectal tone.

Methods

This study was performed in 13 healthy dogs (16–28 kg) in the fasting state. Experiments were performed to study 1) effects of gastric electrical stimulation, duodenal electrical stimulation, ileum electrical stimulation, and colonic electrical stimulation on rectal tone, and 2) the sympathetic and nitrergic pathways involved in the effects of ileum electrical stimulation on rectal tone. A computerized barostat was used to assess rectal tone.

Results

All methods of stimulations significantly inhibited rectal tone. Duodenal electrical stimulation was least effective in reducing rectal tone. The percentage of increase in rectal volume was distance-related with duodenal electrical stimulation, ileum electrical stimulation, and colonic electrical stimulation but organ-specific with gastric electrical stimulation. The inhibitory effect of ileum electrical stimulation on rectal tone was abolished by N ω -nitro-L-arginine but not guanethidine.

Conclusions

Electrical stimulation of the stomach, intestine, or colon with long pulses has an inhibitory effect on rectal tone. This inhibitory effect is organ-specific as well as associated with the distance between stimulation site and affected organs. The inhibitory effect of ileum electrical stimulation on rectal tone is mediated by the nitrergic but not sympathetic pathway.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Forster J, Sarosiek I, Delcore R, Lin Z, Raju GS, McCallum RW. Gastric pacing is a new surgical treatment for gastroparasis. Am J Surg 2001;182:676–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. McCallum RW, Chen JD, Lin ZY, Schirmer BD, Williams RD, Ross RA. Gastric pacing improves emptying and symptoms in patients with gastroparesis. Gastroenterology 1998;114:456–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Cigaina V. Gastric pacing as therapy for morbid obesity: preliminary results. Obes Surg 2002;12:S12–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Shikora SA. “What are the yanks doing?” the U.S. experience with implantable gastric stimulation (IGS) for the treatment of obesity: update on the ongoing clinical trials. Obes Surg 2004;14:S40–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Abell T, McCallum R, Hocking M, et al. Gastric electrical stimulation for medically refractory gastroparesis. Gastroenterology 2003;125:421–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bellahsene BE, Lind CD, Schirmer BD, Updike OL, McCallum RW. Acceleration of gastric emptying with electrical stimulation in a canine model of gastroparesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 1992;262:G826–34.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Chen JD, Qian L, Ouyang H, Yin J. Gastric electrical stimulation with short pulses reduces vomiting but not dysrhythmias in dogs. Gastroenterology 2003;124:401–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Eagon JC, Kelly KA. Effect of electrical stimulation on gastric electrical activity, motility and emptying. Neurogastroenterol Motil 1995;7:39–45.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Xu X, Brining DL, Chen JD. Effects of vasopressin and long pulse-low frequency gastric electrical stimulation on gastric emptying, gastric and intestinal myoelectrical activity and symptoms in dogs. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2005;17:236–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Sun Y, Chen J. Intestinal electric stimulation decreases fat absorption in rats: therapeutic potential for obesity. Obes Res 2004;12:1235–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Liu S, Hou X, Chen JD. Therapeutic potential of duodenal electrical stimulation for obesity: acute effects on gastric emptying and water intake. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:792–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Yin J, Ouyang H, Chen JD. Potential of intestinal electrical stimulation for obesity: a preliminary canine study. Obesity 2007;15:1133–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bruninga K, Riedy L, Keshavarzian A, Walter J. The effect of electrical stimulation on colonic transit following spinal cord injury in cats. Spinal Cord 1998;36:847–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Shafik A, Shafik AA, El-Sibai O, Ahmed I. Colonic pacing: a therapeutic option for the treatment of constipation due to total colonic inertia. Arch Surg 2004;139:775–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Shafik A, El-Sibai O, Shafik AA, Ahmed I. Colonic pacing in the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome: technique and results. Front Biosci 2003;8:b1–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu S, Wang L, Chen JD. Cross-talk along gastrointestinal tract during electrical stimulation: effects and mechanisms of gastric/colonic stimulation on rectal tone in dogs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2005;288:G1195–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chen JD, Lin HC. Electrical pacing accelerates intestinal transit slowed by fat-induced ileal brake. Dig Dis Sci 2003;48:251–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Xu X, Zhu H, Chen JD. Pyloric electrical stimulation reduces food intake by inhibiting gastric motility in dogs. Gastroenterology 2005;128:43–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Liu S, Lei Y, Chen JD. Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of colonic electric stimulation on gastric and rectal tone in conscious dogs. Dis Colon Rectum 2006;49:1749–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Xu X, Qian L, Chen JD. Anti-dysrhythmic effects of long-pulse gastric electrical stimulation in dogs. Digestion 2004;69:63–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Lin ZY, McCallum RW, Schirmer BD, Chen JD. Effects of pacing parameters on the entrainment of gastric slow waves in patients with gastroparesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 1998;274:G186–91.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chen JD, Xu X, Zhang J, et al. Efficiency and efficacy of multi-channel gastric electrical stimulation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2005;17:878–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Xing JH, Chen JD. Effects and mechanisms of long-pulse gastric electrical stimulation on canine gastric tone and accommodation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2006;18:136–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Glise H, Abrahamsson H. Reflex vagal inhibition of gastric motility by intestinal nociceptive stimulation in the cat. Scand J Gastroenterol 1980;15:769–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Martinez V, Wang L, Tache Y. Proximal colon distension induces Fos expression in the brain and inhibits gastric emptying through capsaicin-sensitive pathways in conscious rats. Brain Res 2006;1086:168–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Abo M, Kono T, Wang Z, Chen JD. Impairment of gastric and jejunal myoelectrical activity during rectal distension in dogs. Dig Dis Sci 2000;45:1731–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Qian L, Orr WC, Chen JD. Inhibitory reflexive effect of rectal distension on postprandial gastric myoelectrical activity. Dig Dis Sci 2002;47:2473–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Lei Y, Zhu H, Xing J, Chen JD. Rectal distension modulates canine gastric tone and accommodation. Dig Dis Sci 2005;50:2134–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhang J, Chen JD. Systematic review: applications and future of gastric electrical stimulation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;24:991–1002.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kelly KA, Code CF. Duodenal-gastric reflux and slowed gastric emptying by electrical pacing of the canine duodenal pacesetter potential. Gastroenterology 1977;72:429–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Liu S, Liu J, Chen JD. Neural mechanisms involved in the inhibition of intestinal motility induced by intestinal electrical stimulation in conscious dogs. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2006;18:62–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Soper NJ, Geisler KL, Sarr MG, Kelly KA, Zinsmeister AR. Regulation of canine jejunal transit. Am J Physiol 1990;259:G928–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Furness JB, Costa M. Sympathetic influences on gastrointestinal function. In: Furness JB, Costa M. The enteric nervous system. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1978:207–38.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Stebbing JF, Brading AF, Mortensen NJ. Nitrergic innervation and relaxant response of rectal circular smooth muscle. Dis Colon Rectum 1996;39:294–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hechtman HB, Barlow C. Moderation of anal sphincter tone with nitric oxide agonists and antagonists. Arch Surg 1996;131:775–84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA

    Xiaohong Xu M.S., Yong Lei M.D. & J. D. Z. Chen Ph.D.

  2. Division of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA

    Shi Liu M.D. & J. D. Z. Chen Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Xiaohong Xu M.S.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yong Lei M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shi Liu M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J. D. Z. Chen Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. D. Z. Chen Ph.D..

About this article

Cite this article

Xu, X., Lei, Y., Liu, S. et al. Inhibitory Effects of Gastrointestinal Electrical Stimulation on Rectal Tone are both Organ-Specific and Distance-Related in Dogs. Dis Colon Rectum 51, 467–473 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10350-007-9129-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10350-007-9129-8

Key words

Search

Navigation