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Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Middle Jurassic rocks in western India using benthic foraminifera

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Abstract

The Middle Jurassic (Bajocian‒Callovian) benthic foraminifera in the Jhura Dome (Kachchh, Western India) were quantitatively analyzed to reconstruct the paleoenvironment. Three distinct assemblages are identified; these are dominated by a particular benthic foraminiferal species, and include, the moderately mesotrophic and well-oxygenated Protomarssonella poddari, moderately mesotrophic and moderately oxygenated Lenticulina subalata, and the highly mesotrophic and moderately oxygenated Epistomina mosquensis–Reophax metensis. Based on species bathymetry, an inner to middle neritic (50‒100 m) depth range is inferred for the studied section. The Bathonian is marked by a carbonate-dominated moderately mesotrophic regime, whereas the Callovian is siliciclastic-dominated and reflects highly mesotrophic conditions. The changes in facies and the trophic regime are attributed to a change in climate from a hot and drier Bathonian to a cooler and wetter Callovian with a progressive increase in the terrigenous input (= nutrient input) and in reduced oxygenation of bottom waters. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis yielded sea level, Benthic Foraminiferal Oxygen Index (BFOI) and paleoproductivity as the main factors controlling the distribution patterns of the studied benthic foraminifera. Additionally, within a shallow epeiric basin and in moderately to well-oxygenated bottom water conditions, the role of nutrients and oxygen availability overrides the influence of bathymetry that at the deeper settings, played a far greater role.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. This work is funded by Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R455), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Oromia, 1888, Adama, Ethiopia

    Sreepat Jain

  2. Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Mohamad Alhussein & Ahmed Awad Abdelhady

  3. Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed S. Ahmed

  4. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El Minia, 61519, Egypt

    Ahmed Awad Abdelhady

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  1. Sreepat Jain
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Correspondence to Ahmed Awad Abdelhady.

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Supplementary file1. Raw species abundance data used in the present study (XLSX 43 KB)

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Jain, S., Alhussein, M., Ahmed, M.S. et al. Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Middle Jurassic rocks in western India using benthic foraminifera. Facies 69, 12 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-023-00668-5

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