Abstract
Knowledge of landslide volume is important to understand the extent of damages and evaluating methods of remediation. However, the volume of landslide is difficult to quantify due to its scale and challenges encountered in conventional surveying. Various studies using satellite and aerial images have been conducted to empirically relate volume (i.e., displaced mass) of a landslide to its area through a power-law. However, there are many existing empirical relationships, and the volume estimate may differ substantially. In this study, firstly it is demonstrated that the empirical area-volume power-law relationships could be rationalized by a geometrical and mathematical basis. The empirical relationships in the literature are shown to be bounded by the volumes of “idealized” landslides where the slip surface is either spherical or elliptical. Secondly, a geometry-modelling method is proposed to estimate the volume of a landslide from satellite and aerial images without the need for digital elevation models. Using this method, landslide volume can be expediently estimated, and it yields better accuracy than empirical area-volume power-law relationships.
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Appendix. Details of landslide inventory
Appendix. Details of landslide inventory
Reference | Slide ID | L (km) | B (km) | Area (km2) | Volume (km3) | h/c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wieczorek et al. (2003) | Tidal Inlet | 1.23 | 0.30 | 0.293 | 0.0079 | 0.793 |
Brückl et al. (2006) | Gradenbach | 1.85 | 1.16 | 1.680 | 0.1210 | 0.887 |
Bruce and Cruden (1977) | Hope slide | 2.10 | 1.48 | 2.440 | 0.0477 | 0.994 |
Van Den Eeckhaut et al. (2007) | Collinabos | 0.62 | 0.08 | 0.040 | 0.0004 | 0.652 |
Oppikofer (2012) | Main rockslide | 0.79 | 0.70 | 0.430 | 0.0185 | 0.888 |
Secondary rockslide | 0.28 | 0.15 | 0.032 | 0.0006 | 0.611 | |
Weifeng and Biliang (2009), Xu et al. (2009), Chigira et al. (2010), Tang et al. (2010), Wu et al. (2010), Dai et al. (2011), Zhang et al. (2011), Chen et al. (2012), Clague and Stead (2012), Huang et al. (2012b), Zhang et al. (2012), Ren et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014b) | Hongshigou (Sequence 9) | 2.82 | 0.31 | 0.688 | 0.0150 | 0.860 |
Laoyingyan (Sequence 26) | 0.45 | 1.00 | 0.353 | 0.0150 | 0.769 | |
Niumiangou (Sequence 14) | 2.58 | 0.20 | 0.407 | 0.0075 | 0.779 | |
Daguangbao | 4.20 | 2.21 | 7.274 | 0.7500 | 0.934 | |
Donghekou | 2.70 | 0.51 | 1.090 | 0.0300 | 0.915 | |
Tangjiashan | 1.08 | 0.67 | 0.572 | 0.0280 | 0.852 | |
Wenjiagou | 4.50 | 0.83 | 2.945 | 0.1500 | 0.891 | |
Hu et al. (2012a, b), Song et al. (2018), Tang et al. (2015), Tang et al. (2019) | Garden spot | 0.82 | 0.51 | 0.326 | 0.0140 | 0.806 |
Substation | 1.10 | 0.44 | 0.381 | 0.0130 | 0.834 | |
Slumping Mass I | 0.77 | 0.54 | 0.325 | 0.0180 | 0.744 | |
Slumping Mass II | 0.60 | 0.68 | 0.320 | 0.0199 | 0.731 | |
Qingjiangping | 1.21 | 0.55 | 0.520 | 0.0200 | 0.861 | |
Higgitt et al. (2014) | Sichuan | 13.54 | 6.27 | 66.690 | 3.7500 | 0.997 |
Philip and Ritz (1999) | Baga Bogd | 14.84 | 15.54 | 181.140 | 50.0000 | 0.989 |
Martha et al. (2010) | Salna | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0.032 | 0.0006 | 0.695 |
Saidmarreh | 16.00 | 13.13 | 165.000 | 30.0000 | 0.994 | |
Azzoni et al. (1992) | Valpola | 0.96 | 0.84 | 0.630 | 0.0340 | 0.880 |
Nicoletti and Parise (2002) | Dam no. 6 (Rio Amerillo) | 1.20 | 0.84 | 0.790 | 0.0340 | 0.921 |
Corvara | 3.50 | 0.91 | 2.500 | 0.0300 | 0.994 | |
Baldi et al. (2008) | Sciara del Fuoco | 1.07 | 0.45 | 0.380 | 0.0123 | 0.860 |
Borgatti et al. (2008), Corsini et al. (2009), Ronchetti et al. (2009), Cervi et al. (2012) | Ca’ Lita | 2.70 | 0.47 | 1.000 | 0.0420 | 0.790 |
Dykes and Bromhead (2018) | Vaiont | 1.87 | 1.63 | 2.400 | 0.2800 | 0.848 |
John. (2010) | Frontal region (Maierato landslide) | 0.25 | 0.49 | 0.096 | 0.0020 | 0.820 |
Pisani et al. (2010) | Rosone | 1.20 | 0.54 | 0.510 | 0.0220 | 0.826 |
Corominas and Mavrouli (2011) | Ruinon | 0.52 | 0.59 | 0.240 | 0.0100 | 0.816 |
De Alteriis et al. (2014) | Ischia | 6.86 | 2.73 | 14.720 | 1.5000 | 0.957 |
Tsutsui et al. (2007) | No. 7 Niigata—Higashi Takezawa | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.024 | 0.0004 | 0.583 |
No. 8 Niigata—Mt. Dainici | 0.50 | 0.16 | 0.061 | 0.0012 | 0.627 | |
No. 6 Dajia River | 0.50 | 0.19 | 0.073 | 0.0014 | 0.720 | |
No. 8 Dajia River | 0.37 | 0.12 | 0.036 | 0.0006 | 0.577 | |
Chigira (2009) | Koba | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.019 | 0.0003 | 0.664 |
Jibson (2005) | La Conchita | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.020 | 0.0002 | 0.762 |
Derron et al. (2005) | Oppstadhornet | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.490 | 0.0200 | 0.918 |
Oppikofer et al. (2009) | Aknes | 1.01 | 0.69 | 0.550 | 0.0350 | 0.779 |
Schneider et al. (2013), Petley et al. (2010), Tariq and Gomes (2017) | Hattian Bala | 2.36 | 0.65 | 1.200 | 0.0650 | 0.760 |
Attabad | 1.92 | 1.01 | 1.530 | 0.0450 | 0.974 | |
Catane et al. (2007) | Guinsaugon | 3.09 | 0.58 | 1.400 | 0.0200 | 0.980 |
Lóczy et al. (2012) | Jovac | 3.00 | 0.67 | 1.580 | 0.0800 | 0.836 |
La Frasse | 2.00 | 0.64 | 1.000 | 0.0420 | 0.875 | |
Campo Vallemaggia | 3.05 | 2.50 | 6.000 | 0.8000 | 0.916 | |
HLIN (Typhoon Morakot) | 1.26 | 0.63 | 0.628 | 0.0211 | 0.909 | |
FID5 (Typhoon Morakot) | 0.37 | 0.20 | 0.058 | 0.0012 | 0.750 | |
Tsaoling (1999 Earthquake) | 1.47 | 1.39 | 1.600 | 0.1250 | 0.906 | |
Duman (2009) | Tortum | 2.95 | 1.84 | 4.270 | 0.2200 | 0.975 |
Hadley (1978) | Madison Canyon | 0.66 | 0.69 | 0.360 | 0.0214 | 0.786 |
Johnson (1978) | Blackhawk | 7.00 | 2.43 | 13.380 | 0.3500 | 0.996 |
McAdoo et al. (2000) | New Jersey 39.08 -72.6 | 22.06 | 2.54 | 44.000 | 1.8000 | 0.991 |
Oregon 45.36, -125.47 | 10.00 | 6.11 | 48.000 | 2.8000 | 0.998 | |
Wartman et al. (2016) | Oso | 0.94 | 0.35 | 0.260 | 0.0076 | 0.813 |
Randall (2012) | Red Bluff—Upper Lobe | 3.82 | 2.75 | 8.245 | 0.6500 | 0.974 |
Greenleaf Basin Rock Landslide | 0.74 | 0.08 | 0.045 | 0.0004 | 0.711 |
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Leong, EC., Cheng, Z. A geometry-modelling method to estimate landslide volume from source area. Landslides 19, 1971–1985 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-022-01864-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-022-01864-0