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Rapid characterisation of the extremely large landslide threatening the Rules Reservoir (Southern Spain)

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Abstract

When an active landslide is first identified in an artificial reservoir, a comprehensive study has to be quickly conducted to analyse the possible hazard that it may represent to such a critical infrastructure. This paper presents the case of the El Arrecife Landslide, located in a slope of the Rules Reservoir (Southern Spain), as an example of geological and motion data integration for elaborating a preliminary hazard assessment. For this purpose, a field survey was carried out to define the kinematics of the landslide: translational in favour of a specific foliation set, and rotational at the foot of the landslide. A possible failure surface has been proposed, as well as an estimation of the volume of the landslide: 14.7 million m3. At the same time, remote sensing and geophysical techniques were applied to obtain historical displacement rates. A mean subsidence rate of the landslide around 2 cm/year was obtained by means of synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data, during the last 5 and 22 years, respectively. The structure-from-motion (SfM) technique provided a rate up to 26 cm/year during the last 14 years of a slag heap located within the foot of the landslide, due to compaction of the anthropical deposits. All of this collected information will be valuable to optimise the planning of future monitoring surveys (i.e. differential global positioning systems, inclinometers, ground drilling, and InSAR) that should be applied in order to prevent further damage on the reservoir and related infrastructures.

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Acknowledgements

The access to the Geohazard Exploitation Platform (GEP) of the European Space Agency (ESA) was provided by the Early Adopters Programme. The authors wish to thank the Road State Demarcation for providing valuable information and testimonies. The authors are grateful to Cristina Accotto and Alejandro Ruiz-Fuentes for the assistance on the structural geology interpretations. The authors also thank Dr. Lorenzo Valetti for the language revision.

Funding

This work was mainly supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the project “RISKCOAST” (SOE3/P4/E0868) of the Interreg SUDOE Programme. The work of J.P.G., M.M-S., P.R. and J.M.A. was also supported by the “Ramón y Cajal” Programme (RYC-2017–23335) of the Spanish Ministry of Science, the project “MORPHOMED”—PID2019-107138RB-I00 / SRA (State Research Agency / https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033) and the project “RADANDALUS” (P18-RT-3632) and B-RNM-305-UGR1818 of the FEDER / Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geohazards InSAR Laboratory and Modelling Group (InSARlab), Geoscience Research Department, Geological Survey of Spain (IGME), Calle de Ríos Rosas 23, 28003, Madrid, Spain

    Cristina Reyes-Carmona, Roberto Sarro, Pablo Ezquerro, Juan López-Vinielles, Marta Béjar-Pizarro & Rosa María Mateos

  2. Departament of Geodynamics, University of Granada, Avenida del Hospicio s/n, 18010, Granada, Spain

    Cristina Reyes-Carmona, Jorge Pedro Galve, Marcos Moreno-Sánchez, Patricia Ruano, José Vicente Pérez-Peña & José Miguel Azañón

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alicante, Carrer de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain

    Adrián Riquelme

  4. Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de La Tierra (IACT-CSIC), Avenida de las Palmeras 4, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain

    Patricia Ruano & José Miguel Azañón

  5. Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (IISTA), Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain

    Agustín Millares

  6. Instituto Universitario de Investigación Andaluz de Geofísica Y Prevención de Desastres Sísmicos (IAG), Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain

    Teresa Teixidó, José Vicente Pérez-Peña & José Miguel Azañón

  7. Geomatics Division, Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Avinguda Carl Friedrich Gauss 7, 08860, Castelldefels, Spain

    Anna Barra & Oriol Monserrat

  8. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Canales y Puertos, Madrid, Spain

    Pablo Ezquerro & Juan López-Vinielles

  9. HEMAV SL, Carrer d’Esteve Terrades 1, 08860, Castelldefels, Spain

    Juan López-Vinielles

Authors
  1. Cristina Reyes-Carmona
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  2. Jorge Pedro Galve
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  3. Marcos Moreno-Sánchez
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  4. Adrián Riquelme
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  5. Patricia Ruano
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  6. Agustín Millares
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  7. Teresa Teixidó
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  8. Roberto Sarro
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  9. José Vicente Pérez-Peña
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  10. Anna Barra
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  11. Pablo Ezquerro
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  12. Juan López-Vinielles
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  13. Marta Béjar-Pizarro
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  14. José Miguel Azañón
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  15. Oriol Monserrat
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  16. Rosa María Mateos
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cristina Reyes-Carmona.

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Reyes-Carmona, C., Galve, J.P., Moreno-Sánchez, M. et al. Rapid characterisation of the extremely large landslide threatening the Rules Reservoir (Southern Spain). Landslides 18, 3781–3798 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01728-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01728-z

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