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Physiological and Biochemical Changes of Pepper Cultivars Under Combined Salt and Drought Stress

Physiologische und biochemische Veränderungen von Paprikasorten unter gleichzeitigem Salz- und Trockenstress

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Abstract

Drought and salinity have been considered as environmental problems for plant growth and productivity. This study was performed to investigate growth, biochemical and physiological response to interactive salt and drought stress in pepper seedlings with two different cultivars. We examined three different salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM NaCl) and three different irrigation levels (100%, 75% and 50% of the water to reach the field capacity). Drought and salt stress were imposed individually and together on Yalova cv. and Maras cv. pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Plant growth, tissue electrolyte leakage, stoma conductivity, relative water content, and antioxidants etc. were significantly degraded by treatments. To tolerate stress conditions, pepper seedlings tried to adapt by changing their antioxidant enzyme activity, proline or sugar content. Severe drought stress caused roughly 55% fresh shoot weight loss for Maras cv. and roughly 65% yield loss for Yalova cv. However severe salt stress caused roughly 70% shoot weight loss for Maras and 78% yield loss for Yalova cv., on the other hand, when two stress factors implemented together the fresh shoot weight reduction were 85% for Maras cv. and 83% for Yalova cv.

Zusammenfassung

Trockenheit und Versalzung werden als Umweltprobleme für das Pflanzenwachstum und die Produktivität angesehen. In dieser Studie wurden das Wachstum sowie die biochemischen und physiologischen Reaktionen auf gleichzeitigen Salz- und Trockenstress bei Paprikasämlingen von zwei verschiedenen Sorten untersucht. Wir untersuchten drei verschiedene Versalzungsgrade (0, 75 und 150 mM NaCl) und drei verschiedene Bewässerungsgrade (100 %, 75 % und 50 % der Wassermenge, um die Feldkapazität zu erreichen). Die Paprikaarten Yalova cv. und Maras cv. (Capsicum annuum L.) wurden sowohl einzeln als auch gemeinsam unter Trocken- und Salzstress gesetzt. Das Pflanzenwachstum, der Elektrolytverlust im Gewebe, die stomatäre Leitfähigkeit, der relative Wassergehalt und die Antioxidantien usw. wurden durch die Behandlungen erheblich beeinträchtigt. Um die Stressbedingungen zu tolerieren, versuchten die Paprikasämlinge, sich anzupassen, indem sie ihre antioxidative Enzymaktivität, ihren Prolin- oder Zuckergehalt veränderten. Starker Trockenstress verursachte bei der Sorte Maras einen Verlust von etwa 55 % des Frischgewichts der Triebe und bei der Sorte Yalova einen Verlust von etwa 65 % des Ertrags. Starker Salzstress verursachte bei der Sorte Maras einen Verlust von etwa 70 % des Frischgewichts der Triebe und bei der Sorte Yalova einen Verlust von 78 % des Ertrags. Wurden beide Stressfaktoren kombiniert, so betrug der Rückgang des Frischgewichts der Triebe bei der Sorte Maras 85 % und bei der Sorte Yalova 83 %.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

    Ertan Yildirim, Melek Ekinci, Metin Turan, Atilla Dursun, Raziye Kul & Gökçe Akgül

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

    Güleray Ağar

  3. Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

    Selda Ors

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  1. Ertan Yildirim
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  2. Melek Ekinci
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  3. Metin Turan
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  4. Güleray Ağar
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  8. Gökçe Akgül
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Correspondence to Selda Ors.

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E. Yildirim, M. Ekinci, M. Turan, G. Ağar, S. Ors, A. Dursun, R. Kul and G. Akgül declare that they have no competing interests.

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Yildirim, E., Ekinci, M., Turan, M. et al. Physiological and Biochemical Changes of Pepper Cultivars Under Combined Salt and Drought Stress. Gesunde Pflanzen 74, 675–683 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00642-1

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