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Effect of Winter Planting Date on Oil Yield and Fatty Acids of New Spring Canola (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars Under Foliar Zinc Spray

Auswirkung des Winterpflanzdatums auf den Ölertrag und die Fettsäurezusammensetzung neuer Rapssorten (Brassica napus L.) bei Blattspritzung mit Zink

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Abstract

Canola (Brassica napus L.) oil yield and fatty acid composition are the function of genotype, climate conditions, morphology, and physiology as well as crop management. In this study, the reaction of different canola cultivars—in terms of seed oil content and fatty acids—to different planting dates and foliar zinc application during two experimental years (2016–2017) was investigated in the field in arid and semi-arid regions of Karaj, Iran. The experiment was performed as a factorial split plot in a randomized complete-block design with three replications. Three sowing dates (February 9, 19, 29) and two foliar zinc applications (non-application as control and zinc application; spraying in the stem elongation stage) were factorially randomized to main plots, and canola cultivars (Sarigol, Dalgan, Salsa, and Solar) were allocated to sub-plots. The results indicated that the effect of year, planting date, zinc application, cultivar, and the interaction effect of planting date and cultivar on quality traits (glucosinolate and fatty acids) and seed yield were significant (p < 0.01). The delay in winter planting of spring canola cultivars caused a significant reduction in seed yield, oil yield, and the content of oleic, linoleic, and palmitic fatty acids and increased the content of linolenic, erucic, stearic, arachidic, and behenic fatty acids and glucosinolate. The highest seed yield (4732.2 kg/ha), oil yield (2066 kg/ha), and oleic acid content (66.52%) were observed in the Dalgan cultivar in the zinc application treatment with normal planting date (February 9). The Salsa cultivar had the highest content of erucic acid (0.46%) and glucosinolate (17.3 μmol/g meal) in the control treatment with the last planting date. Because the quality of edible canola oil depends on the increase in unsaturated fatty acids, particularly oleic and linoleic acids, and the reduction of erucic acid and glucosinolate, planting Dalgan cultivar with zinc application at the normal planting date is recommended for the study area and similar areas.

Zusammenfassung

Der Ölertrag und die Fettsäurezusammensetzung von Raps (Brassica napus L.) hängen vom Genotyp, den klimatischen Bedingungen, der Morphologie und Physiologie sowie dem Pflanzenbau ab. In dieser Studie wurde die Reaktion verschiedener Rapssorten in Bezug auf den Samenölgehalt und die Fettsäuren auf verschiedene Pflanztermine und die Blattapplikation von Zink in 2 Versuchsjahren (2016–2017) auf dem Feld in ariden und semiariden Regionen von Karaj, Iran, untersucht. Der Versuch wurde als faktorieller Split-Plot in einem randomisierten vollständigen Blockversuch mit 3 Wiederholungen durchgeführt. Faktoriell wurden 3 Aussaattermine (9. Februar, 19. Februar und 29. Februar) und 2 Zink-Blattanwendungen (Nichtanwendung als Kontrolle und Zinkanwendung; Spritzen im Stadium der Stängelstreckung) zum Haupt-Plot, und die Rapssorten (Sarigol, Dalgan, Salsa und Solar) wurden den Split-Plots zugeordnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Auswirkungen des Jahres, des Pflanzdatums, der Zinkanwendung, der Sorte und des Interaktionseffekts von Pflanzdatum und Sorte auf die Qualitätsmerkmale (Glucosinolat und Fettsäuren) und den Samenertrag signifikant waren (p < 0,01). Die Verzögerung der Winteraussaat von Sommerraps führte zu einer signifikanten Verringerung des Samenertrags, des Ölertrags und des Gehalts an den Fettsäuren Ölsäure, Linolsäure und Palmitinsäure und erhöhte den Gehalt an Linolensäure, Erucasäure, Stearinsäure, Arachidinsäure, Behensäure und Glucosinolat. Der höchste Saatgutertrag (4732,2 kg/ha), der höchste Ölertrag (2066 kg/ha) und der höchste Ölsäuregehalt (66,52 %) wurden bei der Sorte Dalgan bei normalem Pflanztermin (9. Februar) bei der Behandlung mit Zink beobachtet. Die Sorte Salsa wies den höchsten Gehalt an Erucasäure (0,46 %) und Glucosinolat (17,3 μmol/g Mehl) in der Kontrollbehandlung am letzten Pflanztermin auf. Da die Qualität von Rapsspeiseöl von der Erhöhung der ungesättigten Fettsäuren, insbesondere von Ölsäure und Linolsäure, und der Verringerung von Erucasäure und Glucosinolat abhängt, wird der Anbau der Sorte Dalgan mit Zinkanwendung zum normalen Pflanztermin für das Untersuchungsgebiet und ähnliche Gebiete empfohlen.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Department of Oil Crops, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran, for providing the facilities to conduct this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Hamid Mozafari, Ehsanollah Jalili, Behzad Sani & Faezeh Rajabzadeh

  2. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

    Amirhosein Shirani Rad

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  1. Hamid Mozafari
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  2. Amirhosein Shirani Rad
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  3. Ehsanollah Jalili
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Correspondence to Hamid Mozafari.

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H. Mozafari, A. Shirani Rad, E. Jalili, B. Sani, and F. Rajabzadeh declare that they have no competing interests.

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Mozafari, H., Shirani Rad, A., Jalili, E. et al. Effect of Winter Planting Date on Oil Yield and Fatty Acids of New Spring Canola (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars Under Foliar Zinc Spray. Gesunde Pflanzen 74, 435–446 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00620-z

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