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Influence of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Microalgae Dual Inoculation on Basil Plants Performance

Der Einfluss von Doppelinokulation mit Mykorrhizapilzen und Mikroalgen auf die Leistung von Basilikumpflanzen

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Abstract

The rhizosphere microbial community is a complex of organisms interconnecting in multifold ways, acting upon each other and reacting to the surrounding environment. In the present research, we evaluated the influence of dual inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and microalgae (Scenedesmus incrassatulus R83 and Synechocystis sp. R10) on basil plants performance. Different modes of basil inoculation (AMF, microalgae and a combination of both) were analyzed. We characterized AMF function (colonization and glomalin-related soil proteins), acid phosphatase activity (in root and soil), plant growth, photosynthetic parameters, secondary metabolites (fluorescence indices of leaf chlorophyll content; flavonols contents; nitrogen balance index), and the activity of plant enzymes linking nitrogen and carbon metabolism (glutamate synthase, aspartate aminotransferase and NADP-malic enzyme). The highest values of biometrical data were as a result of mycorrhiza application alone and in the mixed treatments with both microalgae strains. Dual inoculation with both microalgae and AMF, stimulated mycorrhizal function (concentration of glomalin-related proteins). Indexes of secondary metabolites (flavonols and anthocyanins) increased after treatment with Scenedesmus (Al1 and AM + Al1) compared to control plants. The addition of Synechocystis alone and in combination with fungi positively influenced nitrogen balance index. Different modes of inoculation increased gas-exchange parameters in all variations of inoculations compare to control plants. The results for activities of nitrogen-carbon metabolizing enzymes demonstrated close relationships with the plant growth. The mycorrhizal root colonization of basil may bear considerable economic importance. Thus, the addition of suitable AMF to the rhizosphere would significantly improve the growth and productivity of commercial Ocimum spp. cultivation.

Zusammenfassung

Die Mikrobengemeinschaft im Wurzelraum ist ein Komplex aus Organismen, die auf verschiedenste Weise miteinander verbunden sind, miteinander in Wechselwirkung stehen und auf ihre Umgebung reagieren. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der Einfluss der Doppelinokulation mit Arbuskulären Mykorrhizapilzen (AMF) und Mikroalgen (Scenedesmus incrassatulus R83 und Synechocystis sp. R10) auf die Leistung von Basilikumpflanzen untersucht. Unterschiedliche Arten der Inokulation von Basilikum (AMF, Mikroalgen sowie eine Kombination aus beiden) wurden analysiert. Charakterisiert wurden die Funktion von AMF (Kolonisierung und Glomalin-verwandte Bodenproteine), die Aktivität saurer Phosphatase (in Wurzeln und im Boden), das Pflanzenwachstum, Photosyntheseparameter, sekundäre Metaboliten (Fluoreszenznachweis des Chlorophyllgehalts der Blätter, Flavonolgehalt, Stickstoffbilanz-Index) sowie die Aktivität von Pflanzenenzymen in der Verbindung des Stickstoff- und des Kohlenstoffmetabolismus (Glutamatsynthase, Aspartat-Aminotransferase und NADP-abhängiges Malatenzym). Die höchsten Werte dieser biometrischen Daten resultierten aus der Anwendung von Mykorrhiza allein sowie aus der gemischten Behandlung mit beiden Mikroalgenstämmen. Die doppelte Inokulation mit beiden Mikroalgen und AMF stimulierte die Mykorrhizafunktion (Konzentration Glomalin-verwandter Proteine). Die Indizes sekundärer Metaboliten (Flavonole und Anthocyane) stiegen nach der Behandlung mit Scenedesmus (Al1 und AM + Al1) im Vergleich mit Kontrollpflanzen. Die Zugabe von Synechocystis allein und in Kombination mit Pilzen hatte einen positiven Einfluss auf den Stickstoffbilanz-Index. Unterschiedliche Arten der Inokulation erhöhten Gasaustauschparameter in allen Variationen im Vergleich zu den Kontrollpflanzen. Die Ergebnisse zur Aktivität von Stickstoff-Kohlenstoff metabolisierenden Enzymen zeigten einen engen Zusammenhang mit dem Pflanzenwachstum. Die Wurzelbesiedelung von Basilikum mit Mykorrhiza könnte von beträchtlicher wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung sein. So würde die Zugabe geeigneter AMF in den Wurzelraum signifikant das Wachstum und die Produktivität im kommerziellen Anbau von Ocimum spp. verbessern.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory “Plant-Soil Interactions”, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Marieta Hristozkova, Maria Geneva & Ira Stancheva

  2. Laboratory “Experimental Algology”, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Lilyana Gigova & Gergana Marinova

  3. Laboratory “Photosynthesis-Activity and Regulation”, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Violeta Velikova

Authors
  1. Marieta Hristozkova
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  2. Lilyana Gigova
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  3. Maria Geneva
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  4. Ira Stancheva
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  5. Violeta Velikova
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  6. Gergana Marinova
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Correspondence to Marieta Hristozkova.

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M. Hristozkova,L Gigova, M. Geneva,I. Stancheva, V. Velikova and G Marinova declare that they have no competing interests.

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Hristozkova, M., Gigova, L., Geneva, M. et al. Influence of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Microalgae Dual Inoculation on Basil Plants Performance. Gesunde Pflanzen 70, 99–107 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-018-0420-5

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