Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Multi-residue Determination of Bisphenol Compounds in Feed Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Dispersive Solid-Phase Extract Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detector

  • Original
  • Published:
Chromatographia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Monitoring of bisphenols (BPs) in feed is a necessary process for the security of food of animal origin. In this study, a method was established to simultaneously detect bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol C (BPC), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol AP (BPAP), bisphenol Z (BPZ), bisphenol P (BPP) and bisphenol PH (BPPH) in feed. A simple and rapid pretreatment procedure was developed using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE), and then the prepared sample was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) with fluorescence detector (FLD). Finally, the operating conditions of UAE, DSPE, and HPLC were all optimised to increase the sample throughput and sensitivity. Under the optimized conditions, good linearities were obtained for nine BPs with the correlation coefficients (R2) above 0.995; the recoveries of nine BPs in spiked feed samples were in the range of 82.56–103.87% and relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range of 2.4–13.40%; the limits of detections (LODs) and quantitations (LOQs) were in the range of 1.0–5.0 and 3.3–16.6 μg kg − 1, respectively. The results clearly demonstrated the developed method provided the reliable screening and quantification of nine BPs in feed and possessed the advantages including low cost, quick, and simple.

Graphic abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig.1
Fig.2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wang LY, Ding GD, Zhou ZG, Liu X, Wang YX, Xie HQ, Xu T, Wang P, Zhao B (2017) Level and characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in feed and feed additives. J Environ Sci 51:324–331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Hamilton DJ (2018) A data-fitted mathematical sequence to calculate depuration rates for pesticide residues in milk from dairy cow feeding studies. Comput Toxicol 6:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Gerald REF, Wilks MF (2014) Bisphenol A-why an adverse outcome path way frame work needs to be applied. Toxicol Lett 230:368–374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Kitamura S, Suzuki T, Sanoh S, Kohta R, Jinno N, Sugihara K, Yoshihara S, Fujimoto N, Watanabe H (2005) Comparative study of the endocrine-disrupting activity of bisphenol A and 19 related compounds. Toxical Sci 84:249–259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Atkinson A, Roy D (1995) In vivo DNA adduct formation by bisphenol A. Environ Mol Mutagen 26:60–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Molina A, Abril N, Morales-Prieto N, Monterde J, Ayala N, Loraa A, Moyano R (2018) Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis perturbation in the basis of bisphenol A (BPA) reproductive toxicity in female zebrafish (Danio rerio). Ecotox Environ Safe 156:116–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Saal FSV, Cooke PS, Buchanan DL, Palanza P, Thayer KA, Nagel SC, Parmigiani S, Welshons WV (1998) A physiologically based approach to the study of bisphenol A and other estrogenic chemicals on the size of reproductive organs, daily sperm production, and behavior. Toxicol Ind Health 14(1–2):239–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Wang IJ, Chen CY, Bornehagea CG (2016) Bisphenol A exposure may increase the risk of development of atopic disorders in children. Int J Hyg Envir Heal 219:311–316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Jalal N, Surendranath AR, Pathak JL, Yu S, Chung CY (2018) Bisphenol A (BPA) the mighty and the mutagenic. Toxicol Rep 5:76–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Fattore M, Russo G, Barbato F, Grumetto L, Albrizio S (2015) Monitoring of bisphenols in canned tuna from Italian markets. Food Chem Toxicol 83:68–75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Castro DR, Arcos GP, Cuartas AT, Del BPF (2003) Preparation for response to an industrial disaster in Spain. Pub Heal 117(4):260–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Regueiro J, Wenzl T (2015) Determination of bisphenols in beverages by mixed-modesolid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to tandemmass spectrometry. J Chromatogra A 1422:230–238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Liu SH, Xie QL, Chen J, Sun JZ, He H, Zhang XK (2013) Development and comparison of two dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction techniques coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the rapid analysis of bisphenol A in edible oils. J Chromatogra A 1295:16–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Usman A, Ahmad M (2018) From BPA to its analogues: is it a safe journey? Chemosphere 158:131–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Švajger U, Dolenc MS, Jeras M (2016) In vitro impact of bisphenols BPA, BPF, BPAF and 17 β-estradiol (E2) on human monocyte-derived dendritic cell generation, maturation and function. Int Immunopharmaco 34:146–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ullah A, Pirzada M, Jahan S, Ullah H, Shaheen G, Rehman H, Siddiqui MF, Butt MA (2018) Bisphenol A and its analogs bisphenol B, bisphenol F, and bisphenol S: comparative in vitro and in vivo studies on the sperms and testicular tissues of rats. Chemosphere 209:508–516

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Lorber M, Schecter A, Paepke O, Shropshire W, Christensen K, Birnbaum L (2015) Exposure assessment of adult intake of bisphenol A (BPA) with emphasis on canned food dietary exposures. Environ Int 77:55–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Vitku J, Chlupacova T, Sosvorova L, Hampl R, Hill M, Heracek J, Bicikova M, Starka L (2015) Development and validation of LC–MS/MS method for quantification of bisphenol A and estrogens in human plasma and seminal fluid. Talanta 140:62–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Heffernan AL, Thompson K, Eaglesham G, Vijayasarathy S, Mueller JF, Sly PD, Gomez MJ (2016) Rapid, automated online SPE-LC-QTRAP-MS/MS method for the simultaneous analysis of 14 phthalate metabolites an 5 bisphenol analogues in human urine. Talanta 151:224–233

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Zimmers SM, Browne EP, O’Keefe PW, Anderton DL, Kramer L, Reckhow DA, Arcaro KE (2014) Determination of free Bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in breast milk of U.S. women using a sensitive LC/MS/MS method. Chemosphere 104:237–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Olmo MD, Gonzlez-Casado A, Navas NA, Vilchez JL (1997) Determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 346:87–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Mei ZL, Qu W, Deng Y, Chu HQ, Cao JX, Xue F, Zheng L, El-Nezamic HS, Wu YC, Chen W (2013) One-step signal amplified lateral flows trip biosensor for ultrasensitive and on-site detection of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous samples. Biosens Bioelectron 49:457–461

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Messaoud NB, Ghica ME, Dridi C, Alia MB, Brett CMA (2018) A novel amperometric enzyme inhibition biosensor based on xanthine oxidase immobilised onto glassy carbon electrodes for bisphenol A determination. Talanta 184:388–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Gallo P, Pisciottano IDM, Esposito F, Fasano E, Scognamiglio G, Mita GD, Cirillo T (2017) Determination of BPA, BPB, BPF, BADGE and BFDGE in canned energy drinks by molecularly imprinted polymer cleaning up and UPLC with fluorescence detection. Food Chem 220:406–412

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Anastassiades M, Lehotay SJ (2003) Fast and easy multiresidue method mmploying acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and “dispersive solid-phase extraction” for the determination of pesticide residues in produce. J AOAC Int 86:412–431

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Yilmaz E, Alothman ZA, Sumayli HMT, Brahim E, Soylak M (2012) Sorbent extraction of Pb(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Fe(III) Ions as 2-(5-Bromo-2-Pyridylazo)-5-diethylamino-phenol chelates on single-walled carbon nanotube disks prior to their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations in animal feeds and natural water samples. J AOAC Int 95(4):1205–1210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Alfaris NA, Wabaidur SM, Alothman ZA, AltamimiJZ ATS (2020) Fast and efficient immunoaffinity column cleanup and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative analysis of aflatoxins in baby food and feeds. J Sep Sci 43:2079–2087

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Muñoz-Solano B, González-Peñas E (2020) Mycotoxin determination in animal deed: an LC-FLD method for simultaneous quantification of aflatoxins, ochratoxins and zearelanone in this matrix. Toxins (Basel) 12(6):374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kumar A, Bhattacharyya A, Shinde R, Dhanshetty M, Elliott CT, Banerjee K (2020) Development and validation of a multiresidue method for pesticides and selected veterinary drugs in animal feed using liquid- and gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1627:461416

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Song XQ, Huang QW, Zhang YX, Zhang MY, Xie JM, He LM (2019) Rapid multiresidue analysis of authorized/banned cyclopolypeptide antibiotics in feed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based on dispersive solid-phase extraction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 170:234–242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Liu YY, Hu XL, Bao YF, Yin DQ (2018) Simultaneous determination of 29 pharmaceuticals in fish muscle and plasma by ultrasonic extraction followed by SPE–UHPLC–MS/MS. J Sep Sci 41:2139–2150

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Salima ZA, Mostapha B, Belma ZK, Fatih S, Hayette L (2019) Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity using response surface methodology from jujube leaves (Ziziphus jujuba) and evaluation of anticholinesterase inhibitory activity. J Food Meas Charact 13:321–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Habila M, Yilmaz E, Alothman ZA, Soylak M (2016) Combination of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and multivariate optimization for separation-enrichment of traces lead by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. J Ind Eng Chem 37:306–311

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Habila MA, Alothman ZA, Yilmaz E, Soylak M (2018) Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of lead (II) as tropaeolin OOO chelates from environmental samples prior to microsampling flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Atom Spectrosc 39(3):112–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Othman ZA, Unsal YE, Habila M, Shabaka A, Tuzen M, Soylak M (2015) Determination of copper in food and water by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Lett 48:1738–1750

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Habila MA, Alothman ZA, Soylak M (2015) Use of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of lead in water, tobacco, and fertilizer samples for FAAS determination. Atom Spectrosc 36(3):146–151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Rocha BA, Costa BRBD, Albuquerque NCPD, Oliveira ARMD, Souza JMO, Al-Tameemi M, CampigliaFB AD Jr (2016) A fast method for bisphenol A and six analogues (S, F, Z, P, AF, AP) determination in urine samples based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 154:511–519

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Magda Caban M, Piotr Stepnowski P (2020) The quantification of bisphenols and their analogues in wastewaters and surface water by an improved solid-phase extraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method. Environ Sci Pollut R 27:28829–28839

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. García-Córcoles MT, Cipa M, Rodríguez-Gómez R, Rivas A, Olea-Serrano F, Vílchez JL, Zafra-Gómez A (2018) Determination of bisphenols with estrogenic activity in plastic packaged baby food samples using solid–liquid extraction and clean-up with dispersive sorbents followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Talanta 178:441–444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Yao QH, Feng YF, Tan C, Xia SJ, Zhao L, Wang SY, Wang YR, Chen X (2018) An on-line solid-phase extraction disc packed with a phytic acid induced 3D graphene-based foam for the sensitive HPLC-PDA determination of bisphenol A migration in disposable syringes. Talanta 179:153–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was funded by research grants from the innovation project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-2014-LIHPS-01) and the project of modern industry technology system of beef and yak (CARS-37). The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China for the financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China

    Lin Xiong, Jie Pei, Xiaoyun Wu, Chunnian Liang, Xian Guo, Pengjia Bao, Min Chu, Xixi Yao & Ping Yan

  2. Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China

    Lin Xiong, Jie Pei, Xiaoyun Wu, Chunnian Liang, Xian Guo, Pengjia Bao, Min Chu, Xixi Yao & Ping Yan

  3. Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock Product (Lanzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China

    Lin Xiong, Jie Pei, Xiaoyun Wu, Chunnian Liang, Xian Guo & Ping Yan

Authors
  1. Lin Xiong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jie Pei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xiaoyun Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Chunnian Liang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xian Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Pengjia Bao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Min Chu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Xixi Yao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Ping Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ping Yan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

No animals or humans or biological fluids were used to generate the data presented.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xiong, L., Pei, J., Wu, X. et al. Multi-residue Determination of Bisphenol Compounds in Feed Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Dispersive Solid-Phase Extract Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detector. Chromatographia 83, 1423–1433 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-020-03955-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-020-03955-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation