Abstract
Huge amounts of manganese-rich solid residues are yearly produced worldwide by industrial electrolysis, calling for advanced methods of recycling in the context of the circular economy. Here, we review manganese recycling with focus on ore reserves, electrolytic production, residue stockpiling and environmental impact, reducing the amount of residue and improving metal separation, and recycling the residues. Diposal techniques include dry disposal, wet disposal and fire roasting disposal. Residues can be recycled in buildings, functional materials and fertilizers.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Hunan Province Key Field R&D Program (Grant No. 2020wk2005), and Central South University's autonomous Graduate students' Exploration and Innovation Project 2022ZZTS0619 (Grant # 506021744).
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FW, GL, KM, XZ,‧ ZT, RD, JH, MS, QH, RKL, YL, JZ were involved in writing-review and editing. FW and GL were involved in supervision and funding acquisition. FW, GL, QH, RKL, YL and JZ were involved in figure drawing. FW, GL, and JZ were involved in conceptualization. FW and GL were involved in scope planning.
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Wang, F., Long, G., Ma, K. et al. Recyling manganese-rich electrolytic residues: a review. Environ Chem Lett 21, 2251–2284 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-023-01595-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-023-01595-1