Abstract
Porphyrins are differentiated π-conjugated compounds with unique photochemical and redox properties. The tetrapyrrole macrocycle core of porphyrins is extremely favorable for the complexation of metal ions, resulting in hybrid metal–organic molecules with good photocatalytic properties. Over the years, porphyrins have been extensively tested as photocatalysts in advanced oxidative processes for the degradation of various organic contaminants in water. Recently, the use of porphyrins supported on solid materials is viewed as one of the most effective strategies to obtain photocatalytic systems with superior properties and applicability. Supported porphyrins can form highly organized hybrid materials, with high electron conductivity and great photoreaction properties. Here we review concepts, development, and application of supported porphyrins/metalloporphyrins. The first sections present an overview of the water contamination problem, the fundamentals of the photocatalytic treatment of water, and the main properties of porphyrins. The following sections focus on the application of supported porphyrins in the photodegradation of common organic contaminants in water. The last two sections discuss the main mechanisms and limitations.
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Reproduced with permission from ref. (Yao et al. 2012). Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Reproduced with permission from Ref. (Granados-Oliveros et al. 2009). Copyright© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Reproduced with permission from ref. (Sun et al. 2013). Pp: meso-tetra-[2-(3-phenoxy)-propoxy-phenyl]porphyrin. Copyright© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Reproduced with permission from ref. (Wei et al. 2016). Copyright© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Reproduced with permission from ref. (He et al. 2020). Copyright© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Reproduced with permission from ref.(Murphy et al. 2012). Copyright© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Copyright© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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Acknowledgements
The authors sincerely acknowledge the Brazilian agencies: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES and CAPES/PROEX—Finance Code 001), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the grants. B.A.I. also thanks CNPq for the Universal Grant 409150/2018-5 and PQ Grant 304711/2018-7. A.R.F. also thanks CNPq for his PQ fellowship (Process 303872/2019-5) and CAPES/Proap—Finance Code 001. S. S. also to thanks CAPES/FAPERGS/DOCFIX scholarship holder CAPES/ BRASIL (Process 88887.195036/2018-00).
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Silvestri, S., Fajardo, A.R. & Iglesias, B.A. Supported porphyrins for the photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in water: a review. Environ Chem Lett 20, 731–771 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01344-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01344-2