Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major health issue inducing the inefficiency of antimicrobial drugs. Indeed, pathogenic microorganisms become resistant when frequently exposed to antimicrobial drugs. In particular, when bacteria are attached to a surface and expand as a biofilm, they become more resistant to antimicrobials because single or multiple bacterial species are embedded in a slimy extracellular polymeric substance that acts like a shield. Biofilms often contaminate medical devices and food industrial equipment, thus leading to infections and food spoilage. Here, we review the basics of biofilm development from a planktonic bacterium; signaling in biofilm and relationship with antimicrobial resistance; biofilm control and destruction strategies using quorum sensing inhibitors, ultrasound, acidic electrolyzed water, and enzymatic and combination killing; and emerging approaches, such as bacteriophage-mediated disruption and antimicrobial peptides to control bacterial biofilms.
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Abbreviations
- OECD:
-
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
- MSCRAMMs:
-
Microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules
- SAAT:
-
Self associating autotransporter proteins
- AIDA-I:
-
Adhesin involved in diffuse adherence-I
- PNAG:
-
Poly-(β-1,6)-N-acetylglucosamine
- CFBE41o:
-
Cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cell line
- MRSA:
-
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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SG acknowledges the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, India, for funding under Post-doctoral Overseas Fellowship in Nano Science and Technology (Ref. JNC/AO/A.0610.1(4) 2019-2260 dated August 19, 2019).
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Singh, B.P., Ghosh, S. & Chauhan, A. Development, dynamics and control of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial biofilms: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19, 1983–1993 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01169-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01169-5