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The responses of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin-expressing hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides) exposed to 24-h herbivory: expression of hemoglobin and stress-related genes in exposed and nonorthostichous leaves

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Abstract

The responses of transcriptome and phenolic compounds were determined with Populus tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx. expressing the hemoglobin (Hb) of Vitreoscilla (VHb) and non-transformant (wt) line. After 24-h exposure of leaves to Conistra vaccinii L., the transcript levels of endogenous non-symbiotic class 1 Hb (PttHb1) and truncated Hb (PttTrHb) genes were modestly reduced and increased, respectively, in both wt and VHb-expressing line. Besides the herbivory exposed leaves showing the most significant transcriptome changes, alterations were also detected in the transcriptome of nonorthostichous leaves positioned directly above the exposed leaves. Both wt and VHb-expressing line displayed similar herbivory-induced effects on gene expression, although the extent of responses was more pronounced in the wt than in the VHb-expressing line. The contents of phenolic compounds were not altered due to herbivory and they were alike in the wt and VHb-expressing line. In addition, we determined the relative growth rates (RGRs) of Orthosia gothica L., Ectropis crepuscularia Denis & Schiff. and Orgyia antiqua L. larvae, and found no variation in the RGRs between the lines. Thus, VHb-expressing P. tremula × tremuloides lines showed to be comparable with wt in regards to the food quality of leaves.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to show their gratitude to the personnel at the Botanical Gardens of the University of Oulu and to Susanna Häggman, Outi Nousiainen, Sinikka Sorsa, Marko Suokas and Taina Uusitalo for their excellent assistance. Mikael Brosché and Mirva Piippo are thanked for their help in relation to microarray analysis, Jussi Petrelius for his expertise with lepidopteran larvae, and Trevor Fenning and Säde Nenonen for their contribution to the manuscript. This work was funded by Academy of Finland (project numbers 105214 and 123826 to HH), Biological Interactions Graduate School (to SJ-L and SS) and Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation (to SS).

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  1. Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland

    Suvi Sutela, Soile Jokipii-Lukkari, Anna-Kaisa Anttila, Tiina Mölläri & Hely Häggman

  2. Southern Finland Regional Unit (Vantaa Unit), Finnish Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 18, 01301, Vantaa, Finland

    Tiina Ylioja

  3. Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland

    Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto

  4. Finnish Forest Industries Federation, P.O. Box 336, 00171, Helsinki, Finland

    Karoliina Niemi

  5. Institute of Microbiology, ETH-Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland

    Pauli T. Kallio

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Sutela, S., Ylioja, T., Jokipii-Lukkari, S. et al. The responses of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin-expressing hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides) exposed to 24-h herbivory: expression of hemoglobin and stress-related genes in exposed and nonorthostichous leaves. J Plant Res 126, 795–809 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-013-0569-z

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