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Evaluation of physico-chemical and structural properties of biochar produced from pyrolysis of urban biowaste

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Abstract

Understanding proper utilization and evaluation of biowaste materials in any metropolitan city across the world is crucial with respect to diminishing air pollution and combating climate change. This study evaluated the physico-chemical and structural properties of biochar produced from biowaste materials collected from Delhi, viz., sugarcane bagasse, brinjal stem, and citrus peel pyrolysed at 450 and 600 °C for 30 and 60 min, respectively, in the muffle furnace. Biochar yields for brinjal stem and citrus peel were in the range of 31–40%, while for sugarcane bagasse, they were 18–39% at different pyrolysis conditions. Pyrolysis temperatures had a significant effect, while pyrolysis residence time had no significant effect on the physico-chemical and structural properties of biochar. Our study also found that the macro- and micropores and more heat resistance properties in biochar which were produced at 600 °C for 30–60 min. TGA, FTIR, and XRD analysis showed that biochar produced at 600 °C had more thermal stability, functional groups, and mineral compositions. This study, for the first time, provides a comprehensive evaluation of biochar produced from different biowaste materials collected in Delhi. The results of our study provide a clear perception that proper utilization of urban biowaste materials as biochar would be a possible pathway for biowaste management in metropolitan cities with added environmental co-benefits.

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Abbreviations

SB:

Sugarcane bagasse

BS:

Brinjal stem

CP:

Citrus peel

450­30:

Biochar pyrolysed at temperature 450 °C for 30 min

450­60:

Biochar pyrolysed at temperature 450 °C for 60 min

600­30:

Biochar pyrolysed at temperature 600 °C for 30 min

600­60:

Biochar pyrolysed at temperature 600 °C for 60 min

C:

Carbon

N:

Nitrogen

H:

Hydrogen

S:

Sulfur

O:

Oxygen

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Acknowledgements

We thank Prof. Dinesh Mohan, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, for extending the lab facilities. H. Chaudhary acknowledges the financial support from the University Grants Commission (UGC), India. The support of University Science Instrumentation Center (USIC), University of Delhi for providing instrumentation facilities is duly acknowledged. Financial support from the University of Delhi under the Institution of Excellence programme is duly acknowledged.

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  1. Natural Resource Management Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India

    Hina Chaudhary, Krati Vikram, Tenzen Notup & K. S. Rao

  2. Department of Botany, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110003, India

    J. Dinakaran

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HC and DJ proposed the idea and HC conducted the sample collection, laboratory analysis, data interpretation, and manuscript writing. KV and TN helped in conducting laboratory and CHNS analysis. DJ helped in manuscript editing. KSR guided, interpreted the results of the study, and critically reviewed the idea. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hina Chaudhary or K. S. Rao.

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Chaudhary, H., Dinakaran, J., Vikram, K. et al. Evaluation of physico-chemical and structural properties of biochar produced from pyrolysis of urban biowaste. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 25, 2845–2860 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-023-01719-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-023-01719-3

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