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The metabolic syndrome is associated with the risk of urothelial carcinoma from a health examination database

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International Journal of Clinical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

The metabolic syndrome was associated with bladder cancer in the previous studies. However, there have no large-scale cohort studies to elucidate the relationship between metabolic syndromes and urothelial carcinoma including urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UBUC) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Methods

We analyze a population-based cohort study by using physical examination data and diagnosis of UC from the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database. Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics among UTUC and non-UTUC groups, UBUC and non-UBUC groups were compared. Odds ratios (ORs) for determining risk factors were estimated through the multiple logistic regression model.

Results

A total of 557,063 records for 211,319 participants which consisted of 31 UTUC and 309 UBUC met the eligibility criteria in this study. Our results showed that female are more likely to develop UTUC than male. As opposed to UTUC, male are more likely to develop UBUC than female. It also showed that participants smoked or chewed betel quid daily are more likely to develop UBUC. Age and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are significantly increased the risk of developing UTUC. The association between the eGFR and risk of UTUC is stronger (P < 0.001) for eGFR < 45 (vs. eGFR ≥ 75, OR = 6.795; 95% CI 2.901–15.917). Metabolic syndrome is related to higher risk of UBUC incidence [OR was 1.373 (95% CI 1.104–1.707)].

Conclusions

There was a significant relationship between the incidence of UBUC and metabolic syndrome. Renal function impairment presents higher risk in both UBUC and UTUC development.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from MJ Health Research Foundation and Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were under approval for the current study, and so are not publicly available. The linked dataset used in this study was need to analyze in the Health and Welfare Data Science Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan.

Abbreviations

UC:

Urothelial carcinoma

UBUC:

Urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma;

UTUC:

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma

MetS:

Metabolic syndrome

TCRD:

Taiwan Cancer Registry Database

MJHD:

MJ Health Database

TCR:

Taiwan Cancer Registry

MOHW:

Ministry of Health and Welfare

ALP:

Alkaline phosphatase

eGFR:

Estimated glomerular filtration rate

OB test:

Urine occult blood test

BP:

Blood pressure

BUN:

Blood urea nitrogen

SD:

Standard deviation

ORs:

Odds ratios

CIs:

Confidence intervals

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Acknowledgements

All or part of the data used in this research were authorized by, and received from MJ Health Research Foundation (Authorization Code: MJHRF2017009A). Any interpretation or conclusion described in this paper does not represent the views of MJ Health Research Foundation.

Funding

This research was supported by a Grant titled “Multidisciplinary Health Cloud Research Program: Technology Development and Application of Big Health Data” from Academia Sinica. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

    Hsiang-Ying Lee

  2. Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

    Hsiang-Ying Lee, Yen-Hsu Chen & Yung-Shun Juan

  3. Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

    Jia-Hong Tang

  4. School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

    Yen-Hsu Chen

  5. Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

    Yen-Hsu Chen

  6. Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

    Wen-Jeng Wu

  7. Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan

    Wei-Ming Li

  8. Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan

    Ta-Chien Chan

  9. Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Ta-Chien Chan

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  1. Hsiang-Ying Lee
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Contributions

HYL: manuscript writing. JHT: data analysis, manuscript writing. YHC: project development, manuscript editing. WJW: manuscript editing. YSJ: manuscript editing. WML: manuscript editing. TCC: project development, data collection, data analysis, manuscript editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ta-Chien Chan.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interest.

Research involving human participants

To comply with personal electronic data privacy regulations, only trained staff members from the Health and Welfare Data Science Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan and from MJ Health Research Foundation conducted the procedures of data linkage and scrambled personal identification. The researchers were only able to analyze data anonymously. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) on Biomedical Science Research, Academia Sinica (AS-IRB-BM-17044).

Informed consent

The databases we used were all stripped of identifying information and thus informed consent was not needed.

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Lee, HY., Tang, JH., Chen, YH. et al. The metabolic syndrome is associated with the risk of urothelial carcinoma from a health examination database. Int J Clin Oncol 26, 569–577 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-020-01834-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-020-01834-3

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