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Research process, recap, and prediction of Chiari malformation based on bicentennial history of nomenclature and terms misuse

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Abstract

There is an absent systematic analysis or review that has been conducted to clarify the topic of nomenclature history and terms misuse about Chiari malformations (CMs). We reviewed all reports on terms coined for CMs for rational use and provided their etymology and future development. All literature on the nomenclature of CMs was retrieved and extracted into core terms. Subsequently, keyword analysis, preceding and predicting (2023–2025) compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of each core term, was calculated using a mathematical formula and autoregressive integrated moving average model in Python. Totally 64,527 CM term usage was identified. Of these, 57 original terms were collected and then extracted into 24 core-terms. Seventeen terms have their own featured author keywords, while seven terms are homologous. The preceding CAGR of 24 terms showed significant growth in use for 18 terms, while 13, three, three, and five terms may show sustained growth, remain stable, decline, and rare in usage, respectively, in the future. Previously, owing to intricate nomenclature, Chiari terms were frequently misused, and numerous seemingly novel but worthless even improper terms have emerged. For a very basic neuropathological phenomenon tonsillar herniation by multiple etiology, a mechanism-based nosology seems to be more conducive to future communication than an umbrella eponym. However, a good nomenclature also should encapsulate all characteristics of this condition, but this is lacking in current CM research, as the pathophysiological mechanisms are not elucidated for the majority of CMs.

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All data that support the findings of this study are included in this manuscript and its supplementary information file.

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Funding

This work was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 2023YFS0272).

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  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Lansheng Brain Hospital & Shanghai Lansheng Brain Hospital Investment Co., Ltd., 6 Anrong Road, Chadianzi Street, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610036, Sichuan, China

    Yunsen He & Hongliang Li

  2. Department of Neuropsychology, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China

    Mengjun Zhang & Xiaohong Qin

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China

    Caiquan Huang, Ping Liu, Ye Tao, Lili Guo, Mingbin Bao, Nanxiang Li, Zongze He & Bo Wu

  4. Department of Radiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China

    Yishuang Wang

  5. Emergency Department, Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China

    Zhenzhen Mao

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Yunsen He, Mengjun Zhang, and Xiaohong Qin contributed equally to this work and should be regarded as joint first authors. All authors made substantial contributions to the study design, date collection, methodology, software, original draft, critical revision, and final approval of this manuscript.

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He, Y., Zhang, M., Qin, X. et al. Research process, recap, and prediction of Chiari malformation based on bicentennial history of nomenclature and terms misuse. Neurosurg Rev 46, 316 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-023-02207-w

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