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Hsp70 Knockdown in the Brine Shrimp Artemia franciscana: Implication on Reproduction, Immune Response and Embryonic Cuticular Structure

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Abstract

The potential functional role(s) of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana, a crucial crustacean species for aquaculture and stress response studies, was investigated in this study. Though we have previously reported that Hsp70 knockdown may have little or no impact on Artemia development, the gestational survival and number of offspring released by adult females were impaired by obscuring Hsp70 synthesis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that several cuticle and chitin synthetic genes were downregulated, and carbohydrate metabolic genes were differentially expressed in Hsp70-knockdown individuals. A more comprehensive microscopic examination performed in this study revealed exoskeleton structural destruction and abnormal eye lenses featured in Hsp70-deficient adult females 48 h after Hsp70 dsRNA injection. Cysts produced by these Hsp70-deficient broods, instead, had a defective shell and were smaller in size, whereas nauplii had shorter first antennae and a rougher body epicuticle surface. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism caused by Hsp70 knockdown affected glycogen levels in adult Artemia females, as well as trehalose in cysts released from these broods, indicating that Hsp70 may play a role in energy storage preservation. Outcomes from this work provided novel insights into the roles of Hsp70 in Artemia reproduction performance, cyst formation, and exoskeleton structure preservation. The findings also support our previous observation that Hsp70 knockdown reduced Artemia nauplius tolerance to bacterial pathogens, which could be explained by the fact that loss of Hsp70 downregulated several Toll receptor genes (NT1 and Spaetzle) and reduced the integrity of the exoskeleton, allowing pathogens to enter and cause infection, ultimately resulting in mortality.

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Data Availability Statement

Raw data is deposited into the NCBI SRA database with accession number BioProject PRJNA1060864.

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Acknowledgements

This study was performed within the framework of the International Artemia Aquaculture Consortium (IAAC) with contribution No. 2.

Funding

This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) FRGS/1/2019/STG05/UMT/02/3 (No. 59578) from the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia awarded to YYS.

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Author notes

  1. Irene K. R. Tiong and Cher Chien Lau contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Irene K. R. Tiong, Cher Chien Lau, Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad, Muhd Danish-Daniel, Min Pau Tan & Yeong Yik Sung

  2. Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Patrick Sorgeloos

  3. Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Yeong Yik Sung

  4. Faculty of Fisheries and Food Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Mimi Iryani Mat Taib

  5. College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China

    Liying Sui

  6. International Artemia Aquaculture Consortium (IAAC), Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand

    Patrick Sorgeloos, Liying Sui & Yeong Yik Sung

  7. UMT-OUC Joint Academic Centre for Marine Studies, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Min Wang & Yeong Yik Sung

  8. College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China

    Min Wang

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  1. Irene K. R. Tiong
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Contributions

YYS: conceptual design, financial acquisition, manuscript (review and editing), and supervision. IKRT: investigation, methodology, data curation, formal analysis, and manuscript—original draft writing. CCL: data curation, formal analysis, and manuscript—original draft writing. MIMT: investigation and methodology. MDD and PS: manuscript (review and editing) and supervision. MPT, SLY, and WM: manuscript—review and editing. TSTM: financial acquisition.

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Correspondence to Yeong Yik Sung.

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Tiong, I.K.R., Lau, C.C., Sorgeloos, P. et al. Hsp70 Knockdown in the Brine Shrimp Artemia franciscana: Implication on Reproduction, Immune Response and Embryonic Cuticular Structure. Mar Biotechnol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-024-10318-8

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