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Endovenous laser coagulation: asymmetrical heat transfer (modeling in water)

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to describe the dynamics of water heating carried out by continuous laser radiation with wavelengths 1.47, 1.55, and 1.94 μm with different types of fibers used for endovenous laser coagulation. The study was conducted in water using high-speed surveying of the heating process through the shadow optical method. It has been shown that in the case of highly water-absorbed laser radiations, convection and boiling play a major role in the process of heat transfer. It has been shown that in the case of radiation with λ = 1.94 μm that is heavily absorbed by water, effective heat transfer begins at significantly lower levels of power compared to the weaker-absorbed radiations with λ = 1.47 and 1.55 μm. Mathematical models based only on thermal conductivity inadequately describe the process of real heat transfer during endovenous laser coagulation. It has been established that heat transfer is sharply asymmetrical and is directed mainly up-and-forward (bare-tip fiber) or upward (“radial” and “two-ring” fibers). Heat transfer for laser light with wavelength 1.94 μm is most effective than for 1.47 and 1.55 μm.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the State assignment Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” Russian Academy of Sciences in part of development of laser technologies and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 18-29-06056) in part of laser ablation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NTO IRE-Polus, pl. Akad. Vvedenskogo 1, stroenie 3, Fryazino, Moscow Region, 141190, Russia

    Vladimir P. Minaev

  2. Institute of Photon Technologies, Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pionerskaya ul. 2, Moscow, Troitsk, 108840, Russia

    Nikita V. Minaev & Vladimir I. Yusupov

  3. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova str.1, Moscow, 117997, Russia

    Vadim Yu. Bogachev

  4. “The First Phlebological Center”, Dmitriya Ul’yanova 31, Moscow, 117447, Russia

    Konstantin A. Kaperiz

Authors
  1. Vladimir P. Minaev
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  2. Nikita V. Minaev
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  3. Vadim Yu. Bogachev
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  4. Konstantin A. Kaperiz
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  5. Vladimir I. Yusupov
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Contributions

Vladimir P. Minaev suggested a basic research concept and made substantial contributions to acquisition of data and interpretation of data; Nikita V. Minaev made substantial contributions to the development and assembly of the experimental setup and obtaining results; Vadim Yu. Bogachev made substantial contributions to the analysis of the results obtained and to the discussion of the determination of laser exposure regimes; Konstantin A. Kaperiz has made substantial contributions to the data collection and interpretation and preparation of laser exposure modes similar to those used in the clinic; Vladimir Yusupov has made substantial contributions to conception and design, analysis, and interpretation of data.

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Correspondence to Nikita V. Minaev.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Role of funding source

The support of the funding source regarding research in the development of new laser technologies is provided by providing the necessary scientific equipment and measuring stands. Scientific grant support allowed access to the latest laser and diagnostic equipment.

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Because of the study design as a modeling of physical processes, ethical approval was not necessary.

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Minaev, V.P., Minaev, N.V., Bogachev, V.Y. et al. Endovenous laser coagulation: asymmetrical heat transfer (modeling in water). Lasers Med Sci 36, 1599–1608 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-020-03184-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-020-03184-y

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