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Modulation of exercise-induced muscular damage and hyperalgesia by different 630 nm doses of light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) in rats

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Abstract

We compared the acute effects of different doses of 630 nm light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) on skeletal muscle inflammation and hyperalgesia in rats submitted to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Wistar rats were divided into five experimental groups (n = 5–8/group): sedentary control (CON); exercise + passive recovery (PR); and exercise + LEDT (1.2 J/cm2, 1.8 J; 4.2 J/cm2, 6.3 J; 10.0 J/cm2, 15 J). After 100 min of swimming, the rats in the LEDT groups were exposed to phototherapy on the triceps surae muscle. For mechanical hyperalgesia evaluation, paw withdrawal threshold was assessed before and 24 h after swimming. Immediately after hyperalgesia tests, blood samples were collected to analyze creatine kinase (CK) activity and the soleus muscle was removed for histological and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α immunohistological analyses. In all LEDT groups, plasma CK activity was reduced to levels similar to those measured in the CON group. Paw withdrawal threshold decreased in the PR group (− 11.9 ± 1.9 g) when compared to the CON group (2.2 ± 1.5 g; p < 0.01) and it was attenuated in the group LEDT 4.2 J/cm2 (− 3.3 ± 2.4 g, p < 0.05). Less leukocyte infiltration and edema and fewer necrotic areas were found in histological sections of soleus muscle in LEDT (4.2 J/cm2) and LEDT (10.0 J/cm2) groups compared to the PR group. Also, LEDT (4.2 J/cm2) and LEDT (10.0 J/cm2) groups showed less immunostaining for TNF-α in macrophages or areas with necrosis of muscle fibers compared to the PR group. LEDT (4.2 J/cm2, 6.3 J)-reduced muscle inflammation and nociception in animals submitted to EIMD.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the “Laboratorio de Óptica e Optoeletronica do Departamento de Física da Universidade Estadual de Londrina” for technical support; the “Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior” (CAPES); “Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico” (CNPq); and “Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná”. ABSV was a recipient of scholarship from CAPES.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Av., São Cristóvão, SE, CEP 49100-000, Brazil

    Alan B. Vasconcelos, Miriam B. Silva, Alan S. Oliveira & Enilton A. Camargo

  2. Latin American Institute of Life and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil

    Fernando K. Nampo

  3. Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil

    Júlio C. Molina, Tarlyson R. de Angelis, Amanda L. Hasuda & Solange P. Ramos

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  1. Alan B. Vasconcelos
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Correspondence to Enilton A. Camargo.

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The experimental procedures were carried out according to the standards of the Brazilian Society of Laboratory Animal Care and were approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals under protocol number 124/2014.

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Vasconcelos, A.B., Nampo, F.K., Molina, J.C. et al. Modulation of exercise-induced muscular damage and hyperalgesia by different 630 nm doses of light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) in rats. Lasers Med Sci 34, 749–758 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-2655-x

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