Abstract
The effective removal of heavy metals and soluble microbial products from wastewater is crucial for ensuring a safe environment and good quality human health. The present work investigated the potential of eggshell (ES) waste as an adsorbent for removing heavy metals and soluble microbial products. ES was firstly used to capture heavy metal ions, and the eggshell–metal (ES-M) complex was then applied to remove soluble microbial products (e.g., proteins) from aqueous solution. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected as a model protein-based contaminant. The equilibrium and kinetic characteristics of soluble protein removed by ES were evaluated in batch mode involving parameters such as metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+), operating temperatures (277–323 K), and particle size of ES (100–700 µm). The isotherm curves were well-fitted by Langmuir–Freundlich model. As the temperature increased from 277 to 323 K, the maximum binding capacity for BSA increased from 25.22 to 34.28 (mg BSA/g ES-Zn). The negative values of ΔG° indicated the spontaneous nature of the protein adsorption, while the kinetic of protein adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model. ES functionalized with heavy metal ions acted as an effective pseudo-chelating adsorbent for the removal of soluble protein from wastewater. Chelates of Zn–BSA found on the ES complexes were found to be highly stable, indicating a minimal possibility of secondary pollution caused by these Zn- and BSA-containing ES complexes. The ES-Zn complex can be potentially used as an adsorbent for removing soluble microbial products in wastewater prior to the membrane filtration.
Graphic abstract
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abollino O, Aceto M, Malandrino M, Sarzanini C, Mentasti E (2003) Adsorption of heavy metals on Na-montmorillonite. Effect of pH and organic substances. Water Res 37(7):1619–1627. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00524-9
Ahmad R, Kumar R, Haseeb S (2012) Adsorption of Cu2+ from aqueous solution onto iron oxide coated eggshell powder: evaluation of equilibrium, isotherms, kinetics, and regeneration capacity. Arab J Chem 5:353–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.09.003
Ahmed IT, Ahmed Boraei AA, El-Roudi OM (1998) Mixed-ligand complexes of some divalent transition metal ions with dicarboxylic amino acids and 8-hydroxyquinoline. J Chem Eng Data 43:459–464. https://doi.org/10.1021/je970192m
Al-Ghouti MA, Salih NR (2018) Application of eggshell wastes for boron remediation from water. J Mol Liq 256:599–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.02.074
Atia KS, El-Arnaouty MB, Ismail SA, Dessouki AM (2003) Characterization and application of immobilized lipase enzyme on different radiation grafted polymeric films: assessment of the immobilization process using spectroscopic analysis. J Appl Polym Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.12620
Babel S, Kurniawan TA (2003) Low cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water: a review. J Hazard Mater B97:219–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00263-7
Barker Duncan J, Stuckey DC (1999) A review of soluble microbial products (SMP) in wastewater treatment systems. Water Res 33:3063–3082
Chabani M, Amrane A, Bensmaili A (2006) Kinetic modelling of the adsorption of nitrates by ion exchange resin. Chem Eng J 125:111–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2006.08.014
De Angelis G, Medeghini L, Conte AM, Mignardi S (2017) Recycling of eggshell waste into low-cost adsorbent for Ni removal from wastewater. J Clean Prod 164:1497–1506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.085
Di Russo NV, Estrin DA, Martí MA, Roitberg AE (2012) pH-dependent conformational changes in proteins and their effect on experimental pKas: the case of nitrophorin 4. PLoS Comput Biol 8:e1002761. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002761
Dizge N, Tansel B (2011) Multiparametric investigation of competitive and noncompetitive sorption characteristics of SMP fractions (carbohydrate and protein) on activated carbon. J Hazard Mater 185(2–3):996–1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.004
Doǧan M, Alkan M, Türkyilmaz A, Özdemir Y (2004) Kinetics and mechanism of removal of methylene blue by adsorption onto perlite. J Hazard Mater 109:141–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.03.003
Dunbar RC, Steill JD, Polfer NC, Oomens J (2009) Dimeric complexes of tryptophan with M2+ metal ions. J Phys Chem A 113:845–851. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp8087176
Graham EE, Fook CF (1982) Rate of protein absorption and desorption on cellulosic ion exchangers. AIChE J 28:245–250. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280212
Grahame DC (1947) The electrical double layer and the theory of electrocapillarity. Chem Rev 41:441–501. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60130a002
Gupta VK, Ali I (2000) Utilisation of bagasse fly ash (a sugar industry waste) for the removal of copper and zinc from wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 18:131–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5866(99)00058-1
Jarusutthirak C, Amy G (2006) Role of soluble microbial products (SMP) in membrane fouling and flux decline. Environ Sci Technol 40:969–974. https://doi.org/10.1021/es050987a
Jeppu GP, Clement TP (2012) A modified Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm model for simulating pH-dependent adsorption effects. J Contam Hydrol 129–130:46–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.12.001
Jiuhui QU (2008) Research progress of novel adsorption processes in water purification: a review. J Environ Sci 20(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(08)60001-7
Kunacheva C, Stuckey DC (2014) Analytical methods for soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymers (ECP) in wastewater treatment systems: a review. Water Res 61:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.04.044
Loukidou MX, Matis KA, Zouboulis AI, Liakopoulou-Kyriakidou M (2003) Removal of As(V) from wastewaters by chemically modified fungal biomass. Water Res 37(18):4544–4552. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00415-9
Masuoka J, Hegenauer J, Van Dyke BR, Saltman P (1993) Intrinsic stoichiometric equilibrium constants for the binding of zinc(II) and copper(II) to the high affinity site of serum albumin. J Biol Chem 268:21533–21537
Matilainen A, Vepsäläinen M, Sillanpää M (2010) Natural organic matter removal by coagulation during drinking water treatment: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 159:189–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2010.06.007
Mopoung S, Jitchaijaroenkul K (2017) Characterization of activated carbon from eggshell membranes prepared using sodium acetate and zinc metal activation. Am J Appl Sci 14:737–747. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2017.737.747
Mosaddegh E, Hassankhani A (2014) Preparation and characterization of nano-CaO based on eggshell waste: novel and green catalytic approach to highly efficient synthesis of pyrano[4,3-b]pyrans. Chin J Catal 35:351–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(12)60755-4
Oliveira LC, Petkowicz DI, Smaniotto A, Pergher SB (2004) Magnetic zeolites: a new adsorbent for removal of metallic contaminants from water. Water Res 38(17):3699–3704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.06.008
Pachapur VL, Das RK, Brar SK et al (2017) Valorization of crude glycerol and eggshell biowaste as media components for hydrogen production: a scale-up study using co-culture system. Bioresour Technol 225:386–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.114
Podstawczyk D, Witek-Krowiak A, Chojnacka K, Sadowski Z (2014) Biosorption of malachite green by eggshells: mechanism identification and process optimization. Bioresour Technol 160:161–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.015
Pramanpol N, Nitayapat N (2006) Adsorption of reactive dye by eggshell and its membrane. Kasetsart J Nat Sci 40:192–197
Robinson T, Chandran B, Nigam P (2002) Removal of dyes from an artificial textile dye effluent by two agricultural waste residues, corncob and barley husk. Environ Int 28(1–2):29–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(01)00131-3
Shaheen SM, Eissa FI, Ghanem KM et al (2013) Heavy metals removal from aqueous solutions and wastewaters by using various byproducts. J Environ Manag 128:514–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.061
Shi Q, Zhou Y, Sun Y (2008) Influence of pH and ionic strength on the steric mass-action model parameters around the isoelectric point of protein. Biotechnol Prog 21:516–523. https://doi.org/10.1021/bp049735o
Smith SC, Ahmed F, Gutierrez KM, Frigi Rodrigues D (2014) A comparative study of lysozyme adsorption with graphene, graphene oxide, and single-walled carbon nanotubes: potential environmental applications. Chem Eng J 240:147–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.11.030
Stadelman W (2000) Eggs and egg products. In: Francis FJ (ed) Encyclopedia of food science and technology, 2nd edn. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 593–599
Tofighy MA, Mohammadi T (2011) Adsorption of divalent heavy metal ions from water using carbon nanotube sheets. J Hazard Mater 185:140–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.008
Tran VS, Ngo HH, Guo W et al (2015) Typical low cost biosorbents for adsorptive removal of specific organic pollutants from water. Bioresour Technol 182:353–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.003
Trzaskowski B, Adamowicz L, Deymier PA (2007) A theoretical study of zinc(II) interactions with amino acid models and peptide fragments. J Biol Inorg Chem 13:133–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-007-0306-y
Tsai WT, Yang JM, Lai CW et al (2006) Characterization and adsorption properties of eggshells and eggshell membrane. Bioresour Technol 97:488–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.050
Tsai WT, Hsien KJ, Hsu HC et al (2008) Utilization of ground eggshell waste as an adsorbent for the removal of dyes from aqueous solution. Bioresour Technol 99:1623–1629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.010
Wang X, Herting G, Odnevall Wallinder I, Blomberg E (2015) Adsorption of bovine serum albumin on silver surfaces enhances the release of silver at pH neutral conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 17:18524–18534. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP02306H
Wu J (2014) Eggs and egg products processing. In: Clark S, Jung S, Lamsal B (eds) Food processing. Wiley, Chichester, pp 437–455
Zaman T, Mostari MS, Al Mahmood MA et al (2018) Evolution and characterization of eggshell as a potential candidate of raw material. Cerâmica 64:236–241. https://doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132018643702349
Zhang Y, Chen Y, Westerhoff P, Hristovski K, Crittenden JC (2008) Stability of commercial metal oxide nanoparticles in water. Water Res 42(8–9):2204–2212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.036
Zulfikar MA, Mariske ED, Djajanti SD (2012) Adsorption of lignosulfonate compounds using powdered eggshell. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol 34:309–316
Acknowledgements
YKC gratefully acknowledges the financial support provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (Grant Numbers: MOST 104-2622-E-131-021 and MOST 103-2622-E-131-CC3).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sankaran, R., Show, P.L., Ooi, CW. et al. Feasibility assessment of removal of heavy metals and soluble microbial products from aqueous solutions using eggshell wastes. Clean Techn Environ Policy 22, 773–786 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-019-01792-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-019-01792-z