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Syngas-fueled, chemical-looping combustion-based power plant lay-out for clean energy generation

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Abstract

Of the various clean combustion technologies with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) possibilities, chemical-looping combustion (CLC) promises to be an efficient and attractive method for oxidizing fuels without the energy penalty required for oxygen separation from air. The present work reports on a detailed thermodynamic analysis of 1,500 MWth, syngas-fueled, CLC-based power generation system which includes a provision for CCS. Taking account of the exothermic nature of the reaction of syngas with the selected oxygen carrier, NiO, in the fuel reactor, operating temperatures of air and fuel reactors are fixed at 900 and 908 °C, respectively. The CLC reactor system operates at atmospheric pressure on fuel/air side, and generates supercritical steam. An overall plant lay-out has been prepared such that the steam side, which is rated at 240 bar/538/552/566 °C, is very similar to that of a conventional thermal power plant making retrofitting a distinct possibility. A detailed analysis of the ideal cycle shows that a highly promising gross cycle efficiency of 41.22 % and net cycle efficiency of 36.77 % can be achieved after accounting for the energy cost of CO2 compression to 110 bar to facilitate CCS.

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Abbreviations

CLC:

Chemical-looping combustion

T:

Temperature at any point, °C

CLCSC:

Chemical-looping combustion steam cycle

Tr :

Reference temperature, °C

Mi :

Mass flow of component i, kg/s

CPm :

Heat capacity of metal, kJ/kg.K

m:

Mass flow of gas or liquid in Table 2, kg/s

a, b, c & d:

Coefficients of temperature polynomial in Eq. (9)

CPi :

Heat capacity of component i, kJ/kg.K

h:

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

\({\text{q}}_{\text{Air\, in }}\) :

Thermal energy flow in air entering the air reactor, kW

\({\text{q}}_{\text{Depleted\, air}}\) :

Thermal energy flow in oxygen-depleted air, kW

qMeOx :

Thermal energy flow in oxygenated metal oxide, kW

qMe :

Thermal energy flow in reduced form of metal oxide, kW

qOx :

Thermal energy produced by metal oxidation reaction, kW

\({{\rm{q}}_{{\text{AR}}\,{\text{Extract}}}}\) :

Thermal energy extracted from air reactor by cooling fluid, kW

\({{\rm{q}}_{{\text{Fuel}}\,{\text{in}}}}\) :

Thermal energy flow in fuel entering the air reactor, kW

qRed :

Heat produced by metal reduction reaction, kW

mfuel :

Mass flow rate of fuel, kg/s

LHVfuel :

Lower heating value of fuel, MJ/kg

\({{\rm{P}}_{{\rm{steam}}\,{\text{turbine}}}}\) :

Total power produced by CLCSC steam turbines, MW

\({{\rm{P}}_{{\rm{water}}\,{\text{pump}}}}\) :

Power consumed to pump water at required pressure, MW

\({{\rm{P}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{comp}}}}\) :

Power consumed for carbon dioxide compression, MW

ηGross :

Gross efficiency of CLCSC power plant

ηNet :

Net efficiency of CLCSC power plant

HE1:

Steam super heat exchanger

HE2, HE3:

Steam reheaters

MeO:

Metal oxide

Me:

Reduced form of metal oxide

e:

Electrical (related to power, as in MWe)

AR:

Air reactor

Ox:

Oxidation

Red:

Reduction

r:

Reference

m, n:

Oxidized and reduced states of O2 carrier, respectively

th:

Thermal (related to power, as in MWth)

α, β & γ:

Coefficients of temperature polynomial in Eq. (10)

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, 600036, India

    R. J. Basavaraj & S. Jayanti

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  1. R. J. Basavaraj
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  2. S. Jayanti
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Correspondence to S. Jayanti.

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Basavaraj, R.J., Jayanti, S. Syngas-fueled, chemical-looping combustion-based power plant lay-out for clean energy generation. Clean Techn Environ Policy 17, 237–247 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-014-0781-0

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