Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of benzalkonium chloride as a cationic surfactant on the physicochemical properties of adlay millet starch films

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Food Science and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effects of benzalkonium chloride (BC) as a cationic surfactant on the mechanical, water barrier, microstructural, and thermal properties of adlay millet starch (AS) films were investigated in this study. With increasing BC concentration, tensile strength (from 5.93 to 6.15 MPa) and elongation at break (from 41.39 to 45.48%) of AS-BC films significantly increased, whereas their moisture content, water solubility, and water vapor permeability were reduced, indicating water resistance improvement. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that BC at concentrations below 1% did not cause noticeable changes in the microstructure of AS-BC films. In addition, the thermal stability of AS-BC films was not affected by BC, indicating good miscibility between AS and BC. Therefore, BC could improve the physicochemical properties of starch films, and AS-BC films developed in this study can be applied as novel biodegradable packaging materials in the food packaging industry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Acosta S, Chiralt A, Santamarina P, Rosello J, González-Martínez C, Cháfer M. Antifungal films based on starch-gelatin blend, containing essential oils. Food Hydrocolloids. 61: 233-240 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amin U, Khan MU, Majeed Y, Rebezov M, Khayrullin M, Bobkova E, Shariati MA, Chung IM, Thiruvengadam M. Potentials of polysaccharides, lipids and proteins in biodegradable food packaging applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 183: 2184-2198 (2021)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chavan P, Sinhmar A, Sharma S, Dufresne A, Theory R, Kaur M, Sandhu KS, Nehra M, Nain V. Nanocomposite starch films: a new approach for biodegradable packaging materials. Starch-Stärke. 74: 2100302 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen CH, Kuo WS, Lai LS. Effect of surfactants on water barrier and physical properties of tapioca starch/decolorized hsian-tsao leaf gum films. Food Hydrocolloids. 23: 714-721 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng H, Chen L, McClements DJ, Yang T, Zhang Z, Ren F, Miao M, Tian Y, Jin Z. Starch-based biodegradable packaging materials: A review of their preparation, characterization and diverse applications in the food industry. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 114: 70-82 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui C, Ji N, Wang Y, Xiong L, Sun Q. Bioactive and intelligent starch-based films: a review. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 116: 854-869 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feng M, Yu L, Zhu P, Zhou X, Liu H, Yang Y, Zhou J, Gao C, Bao X, Chen P. Development and preparation of active starch films carrying tea polyphenol. Carbohydrate Polymers. 196: 162-167 (2018)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haghighi H, De Leo R, Bedin E, Pfeifer F, Siesler HW, Pulvirenti A. Comparative analysis of blend and bilayer films based on chitosan and gelatin enriched with LAE (lauroyl arginate ethyl) with antimicrobial activity for food packaging applications. Food Packaging and Shelf Life. 19: 31-39 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Homayouni H, Kavoosi G, Nassiri SM. Physicochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of dispersion made from tapioca and gelatinized tapioca starch incorporated with carvacrol. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 77: 503-509 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaramillo CM, Gutiérrez TJ, Goyanes S, Bernal C, Famá L. Biodegradability and plasticizing effect of yerba mate extract on cassava starch edible films. Carbohydrate Polymers. 151: 150-159 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez A, Fabra MJ, Talens P, Chiralt A. Edible and biodegradable starch films: a review. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 5: 2058-2076 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kang JH, Song KB. Characterization of Job’s tears (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) starch films incorporated with clove bud essential oil and their antioxidant effects on pork belly during storage. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 111: 711-718 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang JH, Park JB, Song KB. Inhibitory activities of quaternary ammonium surfactants against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on spinach leaves. LWT – Food Science and Technology. 102: 284-290 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim S, Kang JH, Song KB. Development of a sword bean (Canavalia gladiate) starch film containing goji berry extract. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 13: 911-921 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim BK, Lee HS, Yang HS, Song KB. Development of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) nut starch films containing cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) leaf essential oil. Molecules. 26: 6114 (2021)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kurakake M, Hagiwara H, Komaki T. Effects of various surfactants on rheological properties of maize starch granules. Cereal Chemistry. 81(1): 108-114 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lauer MK, Smith RC. Recent advances in starch-based films toward food packaging applications: physicochemical, mechanical, and functional properties. Comprehensive Review in Food Science and Food Safety. 19: 3031-3083 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma Q, Zhang Y, Zhong Q. Physical and antimicrobial properties of chitosan films incorporated with lauric arginate, cinnamon oil, and ethylenediaminetetraacetate. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 65: 173-179 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maniglia BC, Laroque DA, de Andrade LM, Carciofi BAM, Tenório JAS, de Andrade CJ. Production of active cassava starch films; effect of adding a biosurfactant or synthetic surfactant. Reactive and Functional Polymers. 144: 104368 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meireles A, Giaouris E, Simões M. Alternative disinfection methods to chlorine for use in the fresh-cut industry. Food Research International. 82: 71-85 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Motta JFG, de Souza AR, Gonçalves SM, Madella DKSF, de Carvalho CWP, Vitorazi L, de Melo NR. Development of active films based on modified starches incorporating the antimicrobial agent lauroyl arginate (LAE) for the food industry. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 13: 2082-2093 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piñeros-Hernandez D, Medina-Jaramillo C, López-Córdoba A, Goyanes S. Edible cassava starch films carrying rosemary antioxidant extracts for potential use as active food packaging. Food Hydrocolloids. 63: 488-495 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Resianingrum R, Atmaka W, Khasanah LU, Wiji K, Utami R, Praseptiangga D. Characterization of cassava starch-based edible film enriched with lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus). Nusantara Bioscience. 8: 278-282 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saberi B, Chockchaisawasdee S, Golding JB, Scarlett CJ, Stathopoulos CE. Physical and mechanical properties of a new edible film made of pea starch and guar gum as affected by glycols, sugars and polyols. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 104: 345-359 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shah U, Naqash F, Gani A, Masoodi FA. Art and science behind modified starch edible films and coatings: a review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 15(3): 568-580 (2016)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shamsuri AA, Md. Jamil SNA. Functional properties of biopolymer-based films modified with surfactants: a brief review. Processes. 8: 1039 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song X, Zuo G, Chen F. Effect of essential oil and surfactant on the physical and antimicrobial properties of corn and wheat starch films. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 107: 1302-1309 (2018)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tarique J, Sapuan SM, Khalina A. Effect of glycerol plasticizer loading on the physical, mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) starch biopolymers. Scientific Reports. 11: 13900 (2021)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vianna TC, Marinho CO, Júnior LM, Ibrahim SA, Vieira RP. Essential oils as additives in active starch-based food packaging films: a review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 182: 1803-1819 (2021)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wong PT, Leroueil PR, Smith DM, Ciotti S, Beilinska AU, Janczak KW, Mullen CH, Groom JV, Taylor EM, Passmore C, Makidon PE. Formulation, high throughput in vitro screening and in vivo functional characterization of nanoemulsion-based intranasal vaccine adjuvants. PloS One. 10(5): e0126120 (2015)

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Xu H, Cheng H, McClemnets DJ, Chen L, Long J, Jin Z. Enhancing the physicochemical properties and functional performance of starch-based films using inorganic carbon materials: a review. Carbohydrate Polymers. 295: 119743 (2022)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yao S, Wang BJ, Weng YM. Preparation and characterization of mung bean starch edible films using citric acid as cross-linking agent. Food Packaging and Shelf Life. 32: 100845 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang R, Park M, Richardson A, Tedla N, Pandzic E, de Paiva CS, Watson S, Wakefield D, Girolamo ND. Dose-dependent benzalkonium chloride toxicity imparts ocular surface epithelial changes with features of dry eye disease. The Ocular Surface. 18: 158-169 (2020)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhiguang C, Qi Y, ZhaoGuo T, Rui Z, Junrong H, Huayin P, Haixia Z. The effect rules of MgCl2 and NaCl on the properties of potato starch: the inflection point phenomenon. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 235: 123871 (2023)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong Y, Li Y. Effects of surfactants on the functional and structural properties of kudzu (Pueraria lobata) starch/ascorbic acid films. Carbohydrate Polymers. 85: 622-628 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a research grant from Hankyong National University in the year of 2021.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Global K-Food Research Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si, 17579, Republic of Korea

    Minjun Kim & Ji-Hoon Kang

Authors
  1. Minjun Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ji-Hoon Kang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ji-Hoon Kang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that we do not have any conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 16 kb)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim, M., Kang, JH. Effects of benzalkonium chloride as a cationic surfactant on the physicochemical properties of adlay millet starch films. Food Sci Biotechnol 33, 355–362 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-023-01383-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-023-01383-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation