Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

An integrated approach to model seismic loss for the Himalayan infrastructure projects: Decision-making and functionality concept for disaster mitigation

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Due to the potential seismicity of the region, transportation infrastructure projects in Jammu and Kashmir require resilient design. In the present study, structural integrity and possible seismic hazard are taken into account while modelling seismic loss of tunnelling projects in the Himalayas. For the predicted hazard and vulnerability functions, the impact of seismic exposure, tunnel lining aging, and construction quality are evaluated. The Pir Panjal tunnel is also assessed for seismic risk and structural damage in post-seismic situations while taking source-to-distance effects into account. The proposed vulnerability parameters will be helpful for monitoring, logistical operations, and post-disaster route functionality. For disaster prevention cells in any nation, decision-making and risk assessment are the two key activities that can profit from the findings of this study.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  • Ahmed A, Mishra SK, Dhang PC (2022) 3D monitoring in tunnels, ground-support interaction and its implications with emphasis on tunnel T-74R of USBRL project. India Indian Geotechnical Journal 52(4):942–958

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali U, Ali SA (2020) Comparative response of Kashmir Basin and its surroundings to the earthquake shaking based on various site effects. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 132:106046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ameen, AMMA (2023) Seismic hazard evaluation of Jammu Region and risk assessment of tunnels in the Himalayas. Ph.D. Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

  • Ansari A, Zahoor F, Rao KS, Jain AK (2022a) Seismic hazard assessment studies based on deterministic and probabilistic approaches for the Jammu region. NW Himalayas Arabian Journal of Geosciences 15(11):1–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10330-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari A, Rao KS, Jain AK (2022b) Seismic vulnerability of tunnels in Jammu and Kashmir during post-seismic functionality. Geotech Geol Eng 40(11):1–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-022-02341-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari A, Zahoor F, Rao KS, Jain AK (2022c) Liquefaction hazard assessment in a seismically active region of Himalayas using geotechnical and geophysical investigations: a case study of Jammu region, Jammu and Kashmir. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and Environment 81(349):1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-022-02852-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari A, Rao KS, Jain AK (2023a) Seismic response and fragility evaluation of circular tunnels in the Himalayan region: implications for post-seismic performance of transportation infrastructure projects in Jammu and Kashmir. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 137:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2023.105118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari A, Rao KS, Jain AK (2023b) Application of microzonation towards system-wide seismic risk assessment of railway network. Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology 10(3):1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-023-00317-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari A, Zahoor F, Rao KS, Jain AK (2023c) Seismic response and vulnerability evaluation of Jammu Region (Jammu and Kashmir). Indian Geotechnical Journal 53(3):509–522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-022-00694-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arai H, Tokimatsu K (2005) S-wave velocity profiling by joint inversion of microtremor dispersion curve and horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectrum. Bull Seismol Soc Am 95(5):1766–1778

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arora S, Malik JN (2017) Overestimation of the earthquake hazard along the Himalaya: constraints in bracketing of medieval earthquakes from paleoseismic studies. Geoscience Letters 4:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barkat A, Javed F, Joe Tan Y, Ali A, Tahir Javed M, Ahmad N, Iqbal T (2022) 2019 M w 5.9 Mirpur, Pakistan earthquake: insights from integrating geodetic, seismic, and field observations. Seismologic Soc Am 93(4):2015–2026

  • Basharat M, Riaz MT, Jan MQ, Xu C, Riaz S (2021) A review of landslides related to the 2005 Kashmir earthquake: implication and future challenges. Nat Hazards 108:1–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bilham R (2019) Himalayan earthquakes: a review of historical seismicity and early 21st century slip potential. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 483(1):423–482

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cavallaro A, Grasso S, Sammito MSV (2022) A seismic microzonation study for some areas around the Mt. Etna Volcano on the East Coast of Sicily, Italy. In Conference on performance-based design in earthquake. Geotech Eng (pp. 863–870). Cham: Springer International Publishing

  • Chan A, Keoleian G, Gabler E (2008) Evaluation of life-cycle cost analysis practices used by the Michigan Department of Transportation. J Transp Eng 134(6):236–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De R, Kayal JR (2003) Seismotectonic model of the Sikkim Himalaya: constraint from microearthquake surveys. Bull Seismol Soc Am 93(3):1395–1400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delouis B, Giardini D, Lundgren P, Salichon J (2002) Joint inversion of InSAR, GPS, teleseismic, and strong-motion data for the spatial and temporal distribution of earthquake slip: application to the 1999 Izmit mainshock. Bull Seismol Soc Am 92(1):278–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Du G, Zhang Y, Zou L, Yang Z, Yuan Y, Ren S (2022) Co-seismic landslide hazard assessment of the 2017 Ms 6.9 Milin earthquake, Tibet, China, combining the logistic regression–information value and Newmark displacement models. Bull Eng Geol Environ 81(10):446

  • Eamon CD, Jensen EA, Grace NF, Shi X (2012) Life-cycle cost analysis of alternative reinforcement materials for bridge superstructures considering cost and maintenance uncertainties. J Mater Civ Eng 24(4):373–380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Funning GJ, Fukahata Y, Yagi Y, Parsons B (2014) A method for the joint inversion of geodetic and seismic waveform data using ABIC: application to the 1997 Manyi, Tibet, earthquake. Geophys J Int 196(3):1564–1579

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godschall S, Smith V, Hubler J, Kremer P (2020) A decision process for optimizing multi-hazard shelter location using global data. Sustainability 12(15):6252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grassi S, De Guidi G, Patti G, Brighenti F, Carnemolla F, Imposa S (2022) 3D subsoil reconstruction of a mud volcano in central Sicily by means of geophysical surveys. Acta Geophys 70(3):1083–1102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grasso S, Massimino MR, Sammito MSV (2020) New stress reduction factor for evaluating soil liquefaction in the coastal area of Catania (Italy). Geosciences 11(1):12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grasso S, Sammito MSV (2022) Uncertainties in performance based design methodologies for seismic microzonation of ground motion and site effects: state of development and applications for Italy. In Conference on performance-based design in earthquake. Geotech Eng (pp. 412–427). Cham: Springer International Publishing

  • Haghshenas, E., Bard, P. Y., Theodulidis, N., & Sesame WP04 Team (2008) Empirical evaluation of microtremor H/V spectral ratio. Bull Earthq Eng 6:75–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hashash YMA, Groholski DR, Philips CA, Park D (2008) DEEPSOIL v3.5beta, User manual and tutorial. University of Illinois, U.C.

  • Hazarika D, Paul A, Wadhawan M, Kumar N, Sen K, Pant CC (2017) Seismotectonics of the Trans-Himalaya, Eastern Ladakh, India: constraints from moment tensor solutions of local earthquake data. Tectonophysics 698:38–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang JH, Min JC (2002) Earthquake devastation and recovery in tourism: the Taiwan case. Tour Manage 23(2):145–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Z, Pitilakis K, Zhang D, Tsinidis G, Argyroudis S (2022) On the effects of salient parameters for an efficient probabilistic seismic loss assessment of tunnels in alluvial soils. Resilient Cities and Structures 1(3):24–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain A, Yeats RS, MonaLisa (2009) Geological setting of the 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake. J Seismolog 13:315–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Idriss IM (1990) Response of soft soil sites during earthquakes. In: Proceedings of H. Bolton Seed Memorial Symposium, vol 2, No. 4. University of California, Berkeley

  • IS-1893 (2016) (Part I) Indian standard, criteria for earthquake resistance design of structures, fifth revision, part-I. Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi

  • Ito E, Cornou C, Nagashima F, Kawase H (2021) Estimation of velocity structures in the Grenoble Basin, France, using pseudo earthquake horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio from microtremors. Bull Seismol Soc Am 111(2):627–653

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iwasaki T, Tokida KI, Tatsuoka F, Watanabe S, Yasuda S, Sato H (1982) Microzonation for soil liquefaction potential using simplified methods. In Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on microzonation. Seattle 3(2):1310–1330

  • Jordi C, Doetsch J, Günther T, Schmelzbach C, Maurer H, Robertsson JO (2020) Structural joint inversion on irregular meshes. Geophys J Int 220(3):1995–2008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Juang CH, Jiang T, Andrus RD (2002) Assessing probability-based methods for liquefaction potential evaluation. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 128(7):580–589

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Latha GM, Garaga A (2010) Seismic stability analysis of a Himalayan rock slope. Rock Mech Rock Eng 43(6):831–843

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malik JN, Arora S, Gadhavi MS, Singh G, Kumar P, Johnson FC, Raoof J (2023) Geological evidence of paleo-earthquakes on a transverse right-lateral strike-slip fault along the NW Himalayan front: implications towards fault segmentation and strain partitioning. J Asian Earth Sci 244:105518

  • Micromed s.p.a. (2009) The short Tromino how to, Ver 1.1:26

  • Mugnier JL, Huyghe P, Chalaron E, Mascle G (1994) Recent movements along the Main Boundary Thrust of the Himalayas: normal faulting in an over-critical thrust wedge? Tectonophysics 238(1–4):199–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura YU (1996) Real-time information systems for hazards mitigation. In Proceedings of the 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering 23–28. Mexico: Acapulco

  • Qi Y, Feng W, Zhnag Y, Wang D, Du Y, Samsonov SV, Zhang P, Zaray AH, Ansari A (2023) Fault geometry, slip distribution and potential triggering of the 2022 MW 6.3 deadly Afghanistan earthquake revealed from geodetic and weather data. Seismologic Res Lett 94(3):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220341

  • Rao VD, Choudhury D (2021) Deterministic seismic hazard analysis for the Northwestern Part of Haryana State, India, considering various seismicity levels. Pure Appl Geophys 178(2):449–464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao KS, Rathod GW (2014) Seismic microzonation of Indian megacities: a case study of NCR Delhi. Indian Geotechnical Journal 44:132–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao KS (2009) Ground response and support measures for Pir Panjal tunnel in the Himalayas. IGC, Guntur, India

  • Rus K, Kilar V, Koren D (2018) Resilience assessment of complex urban systems to natural disasters: a new literature review. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 31:311–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saaty TL (1988) What is the analytic hierarchy process? Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 109–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Saba SB, van der Meijde M, van der Werff H (2010) Spatiotemporal landslide detection for the 2005 Kashmir earthquake region. Geomorphology 124(1–2):17–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sangode SJ, Phadtare NR, Meshram DC, Rawat S, Suresh N (2011) A record of lake outburst in the Indus valley of Ladakh Himalaya, India. Curr Sci 1712–1718

  • Seed HB, Idriss IM (1970) Soil moduli and damping factors for dynamic response analyses. Report EERC 70–10, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley

  • Seed HB, Sun JI (1989) Implications of site effects in the Mexico City earthquake of Sept. 19, 1985 for earthquake-resistant design criteria in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, vol 89, No. 3. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California

  • Shan S, Zhao F, Wei Y, Liu M (2019) Disaster management 2.0: a real-time disaster damage assessment model based on mobile social media data—a case study of Weibo (Chinese Twitter). Saf Sci 115:393–413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma S, Mahajan AK (2019) A comparative assessment of information value, frequency ratio and analytical hierarchy process models for landslide susceptibility mapping of a Himalayan watershed, India. Bull Eng Geol Env 78:2431–2448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shrestha S, Kang TS (2019) Assessment of seismically-induced landslide susceptibility after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Nepal Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 78:1829–1842

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siew RY, Balatbat MC, Carmichael DG (2016) A proposed framework for assessing the sustainability of infrastructure. Int J Constr Manag 16(4):281–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh AP, Sairam B, Pancholi V, Chopra S, Kumar MR (2020) Delineation of thickness of intrabasaltic rocks beneath the Deccan Volcanic province of western India through microtremor analysis. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 138:106348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • So W, Walrand J, Mo J (2007) McMAC: A parallel rendezvous multi-channel MAC protocol. In 2007 IEEE Wireless Commun Networking Conf 334–339. IEEE

  • Sunseri JU, Byram S (2017) Site interiography and geophysical scanning: interpreting the texture and form of archaeological deposits with ground-penetrating radar. J Archaeol Method Theory 24:1400–1424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai F, Hwang JH, Chen LC, Lin TH (2010) Post-disaster assessment of landslides in southern Taiwan after 2009 Typhoon Morakot using remote sensing and spatial analysis. Nat Hazard 10(10):2179–2190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang JP, Huang D (2014) Deterministic seismic hazard assessments for Taiwan considering non-controlling seismic sources. Bull Eng Geol Env 73:635–641

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Werner SD, Taylor CE, Cho S, Lavoie JP, Huyck CK, Eitzel C, Eguchi RT (2006) Redars 2 methodology and software for seismic risk analysis of highway systems (No. MCEER-06-SP08)

  • Xu P, Ling S, Li C, Du J, Zhang D, Xu X, Zhang Z (2012) Mapping deeply-buried geothermal faults using microtremor array analysis. Geophys J Int 188(1):115–122

  • Zahoor F, Ansari A, Rao KS, Satyam N (2023) Seismic Hazard Assessment of Kashmir Region using logic tree approach: focus on sensitivity of PSHA results towards declustering procedures and GMPEs. Pure Appl Geophys 180(3):789–827

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zahoor F (2023) Seismic hazard and geotechnical vulnerability assessment of the soils in the Kashmir region, Jammu and Kashmir. Ph.D. Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

Download references

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Smart City Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea

    Abdullah Ansari

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea

    Abdullah Ansari

  3. Department of Civil and Urban Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea

    Abdullah Ansari

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Abdullah Ansari, K. Seshagiri Rao & Arvind K. Jain

Authors
  1. Abdullah Ansari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. Seshagiri Rao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Arvind K. Jain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the conception, visualisation, methodology, and design aspects of this study. Data collection, data processing, analysis, and materials preparation were performed by Abdullah Ansari. Geophysical field testing and survey in Jammu and Kashmir were also conducted by Abdullah Ansari. The first draft of the manuscript was written by the first author, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdullah Ansari.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ansari, A., Rao, K. & Jain, A.K. An integrated approach to model seismic loss for the Himalayan infrastructure projects: Decision-making and functionality concept for disaster mitigation. Bull Eng Geol Environ 82, 393 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-023-03422-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-023-03422-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation