Abstract
River–groundwater interactions play a vital role in the hydrological cycle and have close hydraulic linkages, which dominate the watershed macro-ecological processes in arid and semiarid areas. Based on the achievements of the team focusing on interactions between rivers and groundwater over several years, as well as an assessment of the relevant literature, this report summarizes six modes of river and groundwater interactions in the arid and semiarid areas of northwestern China. The summary covers the dynamic processes of river–groundwater interactions controlled by geomorphic features and geological structures, including the recharge origin, flow path, flow velocity, water circulation amount, and discharge position of the different modes. The ecological effects driven by river–groundwater interactions were analyzed from the basin-scale perspective, as well as the human impacts of such interactions. The interaction between rivers and groundwater in the basin manifests as the unity of the upstream, midstream, and downstream areas, which can be clearly divided into four belts, namely, the mountainous belt, piedmont belt, channel belt, and plain belt. In addition, four belt regulation measures for the utilization of water resources, with ecological protection as the goal, are proposed from a systemic viewpoint of watershed water circulation. The results of this study could contribute to improved management plans for the joint development of rivers and groundwater systems, and the related ecological environment, in arid regions to help cope with the increasing pressures caused by water scarcity and intensive human activities.
Résumé
Les interactions rivières–eaux souterraines jouent un rôle vital dans le cycle hydrologique et ont des liens hydrauliques étroits, qui dominent les processus macro-écologiques des bassins versants dans les zones arides et semiarides. S’appuyant sur les réalisations de l’équipe se concentrant sur les interactions entre les rivières et les eaux souterraines sur plusieurs années, ainsi que sur une évaluation de la littérature pertinente, cet article résume six modes d’interactions entre les rivières et les eaux souterraines dans les zones arides et semiarides du nord-ouest de la Chine. Le résumé couvre les processus dynamiques des interactions rivières–eaux souterraines contrôlées par les caractéristiques géomorphologiques et les structures géologiques, y compris l’origine de la recharge, le chemin d’écoulement, la vitesse d’écoulement, la quantité de circulation d’eau et la position de décharge des différents schémas. Les effets écologiques induits par les interactions rivières–eaux souterraines ont été analysés à l’échelle du bassin, ainsi que les impacts humains de ces interactions. L’interaction entre les rivières et les eaux souterraines dans le bassin se manifeste par l’unité des zones en amont, dans la partie médiane et en aval, qui peuvent être clairement divisées en quatre ceintures, à savoir la ceinture montagneuse, la ceinture de piémont, la ceinture de canaux et la ceinture de plaine. De plus, quatre mesures de régulation de ceinture pour l’utilisation des ressources en eau, avec comme objectif la protection écologique, sont proposées d’un point de vue systématique de la circulation des eaux du bassin versant. Les résultats de cette étude pourraient contribuer à l’amélioration des plans de gestion pour le développement conjoint des rivières et des systèmes d’eau souterraines, et de l’environnement écologique associé, dans les régions arides pour aider à faire face aux pressions croissantes causées par la rareté de l’eau et les activités humaines intensives.
Resumen
Las interacciones entre ríos y aguas subterráneas desempeñan un papel vital en el ciclo hidrológico y presentan estrechos vínculos hidráulicos, que dominan los procesos macroecológicos de las cuencas hidrográficas en zonas áridas y semiáridas. Basándose en los resultados obtenidos durante varios años por un equipo dedicado a las interacciones entre ríos y aguas subterráneas, así como en una evaluación de la bibliografía pertinente, este documento resume seis modos de interacciones entre ríos y aguas subterráneas en las zonas áridas y semiáridas del noroeste de China. El resumen abarca los procesos dinámicos de las interacciones río–agua subterránea controlados por las características geomórficas y las estructuras geológicas, incluidos el origen de la recarga, la trayectoria del flujo, la velocidad del flujo, la cantidad de circulación de agua y la posición de descarga de los distintos modos. Los efectos ecológicos impulsados por las interacciones río–agua subterránea se analizaron desde la perspectiva a escala de cuenca, así como los impactos humanos de dichas interacciones. La interacción entre los ríos y las aguas subterráneas en la cuenca se manifiesta como la unidad de las zonas aguas arriba, media y aguas abajo, que pueden dividirse en cuatro franjas: la franja montañosa, la franja del piedemonte, la franja del canal y la franja de la llanura. Además, se proponen cuatro medidas de regulación de las franjas para la utilización de los recursos hídricos, con la protección ecológica como objetivo, desde un punto de vista sistémico de la circulación del agua en las cuencas hidrográficas. Los resultados de este estudio podrían contribuir a mejorar los planes de gestión para el desarrollo conjunto de los ríos y los sistemas de aguas subterráneas, y el entorno ecológico relacionado, en las regiones áridas para ayudar a hacer frente a las crecientes presiones causadas por la escasez de agua y las actividades humanas intensivas.
摘要
河流与地下水之间的相互作用在水文循环中起着至关重要的作用,并且在干旱和半干旱地区的控制流域宏观生态过程有着密切的水力联系。本文基于团队多年来关注河流与地下水相互作用的研究成果,以及对相关文献的评估,总结了中国西北干旱和半干旱地区河流与地下水相互作用的六种模式。总结包括了受地貌特征和地质结构控制的河流与地下水相互作用的动态过程,包括补给源、流动路径、流速、水循环量和不同模式的排泄位置。从流域尺度的角度分析了河流与地下水相互作用所驱动的生态效应,以及这种相互作用的人为影响。流域内河流与地下水的相互作用表现为上游、中游和下游地区的统一,可以明确划分为山地带、山前带、河道带和平原带四个带状区域。此外,从流域水循环的系统视角提出了以生态保护为目标的水资源利用的四个带状调控措施。本研究的结果有助于改进干旱地区河流与地下水系统及相关生态环境的联合开发的管理计划,并应对由水资源短缺和强人类活动增加所带来的日益增加的压力。
Resumo
As interações rio–aquífero desempenham um papel vital no ciclo hidrológico e possuem ligações hidráulicas estreitas, que dominam os processos macroecológicos das bacias hidrográficas em áreas áridas e semiáridas. Com base nas realizações da equipe com foco nas interações entre rios e águas subterrâneas ao longo de vários anos, bem como uma avaliação da literatura relevante, este artigo resume seis modos de interações de rios e águas subterrâneas nas áreas áridas e semiáridas do noroeste da China. O resumo abrange os processos dinâmicos das interações rio–aquífero controladas por características geomórficas e estruturas geológicas, incluindo a origem da recarga, caminho do fluxo, velocidade do fluxo, quantidade de circulação de água e posição de descarga dos diferentes modos. Os efeitos ecológicos gerados pelas interações rio–aquífero foram analisados a partir da perspectiva da escala da bacia, bem como os impactos humanos de tais interações. A interação entre rios e águas subterrâneas na bacia se manifesta como a unidade das áreas a montante, curso médio e a jusante, que podem ser claramente divididas em quatro cinturões, denominados, cinturão montanhoso, cinturão piemontês, cinturão de canais e cinturão plano. Além disso, são propostas quatro medidas de regulação do cinturão de aproveitamento dos recursos hídricos, tendo como meta a proteção ecológica, sob o ponto de vista sistêmico da circulação das águas nas bacias hidrográficas. Os resultados deste estudo podem contribuir para melhores planos de gestão para o desenvolvimento conjunto de rios e sistemas de águas subterrâneas, e o ambiente ecológico relacionado, em regiões áridas para ajudar a lidar com as crescentes pressões causadas pela escassez de água e intensas atividades humanas.
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Ma, Z., Wang, W., Zhang, Z. et al. River–groundwater interactions in the arid and semiarid areas of northwestern China. Hydrogeol J 32, 37–57 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-023-02691-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-023-02691-w