Abstract
Due to the arid climate, groundwater is a vital water resource for ecosystems such as those associated with Dalinor Lake in the Inner Mongolian Plateau, China. This research studied the groundwater circulation mechanisms in Dalinor Lake and surrounding areas and their contribution to surface water, based on remote sensing and environmental isotopes analyses. Using Landsat satellite data, it was found that the lake area of Dalinor Lake decreased by 12% between 1986 and 2021. The shrinkage rate increased from 0.31 km2/year in 1986–2005 to 1.24 km2/year in 2005–2021. The groundwater contribution to the lake is 1.49 × 108 m3/year. Soil profiles and a rainfall simulation test revealed that precipitation infiltration provides limited recharge to groundwater. The groundwater stable isotopic signature (δD = –88.55‰, δ18O = –10.01‰), which is more depleted than local precipitation (δD = –63.83‰, δ18O = –8.76‰), implies that local precipitation is not the main source of groundwater recharge. The groundwater stable isotopic signature in different river sources is diverse, indicating the spatial specificity of groundwater recharge sources. Groundwater and river water have mantle-derived helium (R/Ra > 1) and high tritium concentrations, so it is speculated that groundwater in the Dalinor Lake and its surrounding area is recharged by modern precipitation (post 1960s) outside the study area through fast channels, such as fault systems. This study provides information necessary for effective water management in the Inner Mongolian Plateau.
Résumé
Du fait d’un climat aride, les eaux souterraines représentent une ressource indispensable pour les écosystèmes comme ceux associés au lac Dalinor du plateau de Mongolie intérieure de Chine. Cette recherche étudie les mécanismes de circulation des eaux souterraines du lac Dalinor et de la région avoisinante et leur contribution aux eaux de surface, se basant sur la télédétection et les analyses d’isotopes environnementaux. Les données satellitaires Landsat indiquent que l’extension du lac a diminué de 12% entre 1986 et 2021. Le taux de rétrécissement a augmenté de 0.31 km2/an pour la période 1986–2005 à 1.24 km2/an pour la période 2005–2021. La contribution des eaux souterraines au lac est de 1.49 × 108 m3/an. Les profils de sol et un test de simulation des précipitations montrent que l’infiltration des pluies entraine une recharge limitée des aquifères. La signature isotopique des eaux souterraines (δD = –88.55‰, δ18O = –10.01‰), plus appauvrie que celle des précipitations locales (δD = –63.83‰, δ18O = –8.76‰), montre que les pluies locales ne sont pas la source principale de recharge des aquifères. La signature des isotopes stables des eaux souterraines de diverses sources fluviales est variable, indiquant une spécificité spatiale des sources de recharge des eaux souterraines. Les eaux souterraines et les eaux de rivières ont de l’hélium dérivant du manteau (R/Ra > 1) et des concentrations élevées en tritium, ce qui laisse penser que les eaux souterraines dans le lac Dalinor et son environnement sont rechargées par des précipitations moderne (après 1960) hors de la zone d’étude par des chemins rapides, tels qu’un système de failles. Cette étude donne les informations nécessaires pour une gestion efficace des eaux du plateau de Mongolie intérieure.
Resumen
El agua subterránea es, debido al clima árido, un recurso hídrico vital para ecosistemas como los asociados al lago Dalinor, en la meseta de Mongolia Interior (China). Esta investigación estudió los mecanismos de circulación de las aguas subterráneas en el lago Dalinor y sus alrededores y su contribución a las aguas superficiales, basándose en la teledetección y en análisis de isótopos ambientales. Utilizando datos del satélite Landsat, se descubrió que la superficie lacustre del lago Dalinor disminuyó un 12% entre 1986 y 2021. La tasa de contracción pasó de 0.31 km2/año en 1986–2005 a 1.24 km2/año en 2005–2021. La contribución de las aguas subterráneas al lago es de 1.49 × 108 m3/año. Los perfiles del suelo y una prueba de simulación de precipitaciones revelaron que la infiltración de las precipitaciones proporciona una recarga limitada a las aguas subterráneas. La firma isotópica estable de las aguas subterráneas (δD = –88.55‰, δ18O = –10.01‰), que está más agotada que la precipitación local (δD = –63.83‰, δ18O = –8.76‰), implica que la precipitación local no es la principal fuente de recarga de las aguas subterráneas. La firma isotópica estable de las aguas subterráneas en diferentes fuentes fluviales es diversa, lo que indica la especificidad espacial de las fuentes de recarga de aguas subterráneas. Las aguas subterráneas y fluviales tienen helio derivado del manto (R/Ra > 1) y altas concentraciones de tritio, por lo que se especula que las aguas subterráneas del lago Dalinor y sus alrededores se recargan con precipitaciones modernas (posteriores a la década de 1960) fuera de la zona de estudio a través de canales de flujo rápido, como los sistemas de fallas. Este estudio proporciona información necesaria para una gestión hídrica adecuada en la meseta de Mongolia Interior.
摘要
由于干旱的气候条件，地下水是中国内蒙古高原的达里诺尔湖等生态系统的重要水资源。本研究基于遥感和环境同位素分析，研究了达里诺尔湖及其周边地区的地下水循环机制及其对地表水的贡献。利用Landsat卫星数据发现，1986年至2021年间，达里诺尔湖的湖泊面积减少了12%。从1986年至2005年的缩减速率为0.31 km2/year，而2005年至2021年的缩减速率为1.24 km2/year。地下水对湖泊的贡献为1.49 × 108 m3/year。土壤剖面和降雨模拟试验表明，降雨入渗对地下水的补给有限。地下水稳定同位素特征(δD = –88.55‰，δ18O = –10.01‰)比当地降水(δD = –63.83‰，δ18O = –8.76‰)更为贫化，这意味着当地降水并非地下水补给的主要来源。不同河流水源的地下水稳定同位素特征存在差异，说明地下水补给源具有空间特异性。地下水和河水中含有来自地幔的氦(R/Ra > 1)和高的氚浓度，因此推测达里诺尔湖及其周边地区的地下水通过快速通道(如断裂系统)由研究区域之外的现代降水(1960年代后)补给。该研究为内蒙古高原的有效水资源管理提供了必要的信息。
Resumo
Devido ao clima árido, as águas subterrâneas são um recurso hídrico vital para ecossistemas como os associados ao Lago Dalinor no Planalto da Mongólia Interior, na China. Esta pesquisa estudou os mecanismos de circulação das águas subterrâneas no Lago Dalinor e arredores e sua contribuição para as águas superficiais, com base em sensoriamento remoto e análises de isótopos ambientais. Usando dados do satélite Landsat, descobriu-se que a área do Lago Dalinor diminuiu 12% entre 1986 e 2021. A taxa de encolhimento aumentou de 0.31 km2/ano em 1986–2005 para 1.24 km2/ano em 2005–2021. A contribuição da água subterrânea para o lago é de 1.49 × 108 m3/ano. Os perfis do solo e um teste de simulação de chuva revelaram que a infiltração da precipitação fornece recarga limitada para as águas subterrâneas. A assinatura isotópica estável da água subterrânea (δD = –88.55‰,δ18O = –10.01‰), que é mais depletada do que a precipitação local (δD = –63.83‰,δ18O = –8.76‰), implica que a precipitação local não é a principal fonte de recarga de águas subterrâneas. A assinatura isotópica estável das águas subterrâneas em diferentes nascentes é diversa, indicando a especificidade espacial das fontes de recarga das águas subterrâneas. As águas subterrâneas e fluviais têm hélio derivado do manto (R/Ra > 1) e altas concentrações de trítio, então especula-se que as águas subterrâneas no Lago Dalinor e seus arredores sejam recarregadas por precipitação moderna (pós 1960) fora da a de estudo através de rápidos canais, como sistemas de falha. Este estudo fornece informações necessárias para uma gestão eficaz da água no Planalto da Mongólia Interior.
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We are grateful for the help of the State Key Laboratory of Hydrology–Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering at Hohai University.
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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61771183).
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Zhang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, J. et al. Characterizing the interaction of groundwater with surface water and precipitation in the Mongolian Plateau in China. Hydrogeol J 31, 2323–2336 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-023-02684-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-023-02684-9