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Development of paper devices with conductive inks for sulfanilamide electrochemical determination in milk, synthetic urine, and environmental and pharmaceutical samples

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Abstract

This work describes a simple, rapid, and cost-effective method for fabrication of paper-based carbon electrode (US$ <0.01) using conductive ink based on powdered graphite and nail polish, supported on cardboard paper to sulfanilamide electrochemical determination by differential pulse voltammetry. The device was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Raman spectra showed the characteristic bands of graphite structures, D and G at 1350 and 1582 cm−1, respectively. SEM images revealed a porous and heterogeneous surface that contributes to the high electroactive area, while EIS demonstrated a greater ease of electronic transfer compared whit commercial glassy carbon electrode. The device presented a simple and highly reproducible construction process (RSD <5.7%). The method was applied to sulfanilamide determination in samples of lake and seawater, synthetic urine, otologic solution, and milk. The electrochemical method showed an excellent analytical performance with a detection limit of 4.1 µmol L−1, wide linear range from 10 to 100 µmol L−1, adequate precision (RSD <2.0%), and recovery values ranging from 80 to 102% for the spiked samples analysis and minimum sample preparation step (simple dilution). Thus, the disposable proposed device proves to be a promising analytical tool for in routine analyzes of clinical, environmental, and food samples.

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Funding

This research was supported by FAPEMIG (Research Support Foundation of the State of Minas Gerais) (process: APQ-00197-18), CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, process: 307271/2017-0), CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, financial code 001) and PROPESQ/UFJF.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36026-900, Brazil

    Thalles Pedrosa Lisboa, Lucas Vinícius de Faria, Guilherme Figueira Alves, Maria Auxiliadora Costa Matos & Renato Camargo Matos

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  1. Thalles Pedrosa Lisboa
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  2. Lucas Vinícius de Faria
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  3. Guilherme Figueira Alves
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  4. Maria Auxiliadora Costa Matos
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  5. Renato Camargo Matos
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Correspondence to Thalles Pedrosa Lisboa or Renato Camargo Matos.

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Lisboa, T.P., de Faria, L.V., Alves, G.F. et al. Development of paper devices with conductive inks for sulfanilamide electrochemical determination in milk, synthetic urine, and environmental and pharmaceutical samples. J Solid State Electrochem 25, 2301–2308 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-021-05002-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-021-05002-z

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