Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Natural graphite enhanced the electrochemical performance of Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode material for lithium ion batteries

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Natural graphite treated by mechanical activation can be directly applied to the preparation of Li3V2(PO4)3. The carbon-coated Li3V2(PO4)3 with monoclinic structure was successfully synthesized by using natural graphite as carbon source and reducing agent. The amount of activated graphite is optimized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Raman spectrum, galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. Our results show that Li3V2(PO4)3 (LVP)-10G exhibits the highest initial discharge capacity of 189 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 162.9 mAh g−1 at 1 C in the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V. Therefore, natural graphite is a promising carbon source for LVP cathode material in lithium ion batteries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Chu S, Majumdar A (2012) Nat 488:294–303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tarascon JM, Armand M (2001) Nat 414:359–367

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Armand M, Tarascon JM (2008) Nat 451:652–657

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Rui X, Yan Q, Skyllas-Kazacos M, Lim TM (2014) J Power Sources 258:19–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Goodenough JB, Park KS (2013) J Am Chem Soc 135:1167–1176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Barpanda P, Nishimura S, Yamada A (2012) Adv Energy Mater 2:841–859

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Li Y, Zhou Z, Ren M, Gao X, Yan J (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:6498–6502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Du X, He W, Zhang X, Yue Y, Liu H, Zhang X, Min D, Ge X, Du Y (2012) J Mater Chem 22:5960–5969

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhang LL, Liang G, Peng G, Huang YH, Wang L, Qie L, Croft MC, Ignatov A, Goodenough JB (2012) J Electrochem Soc 159:A1573–A1578

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kuang Q, Zhao Y, An X, Liu J, Dong Y, Chen L (2010) Electrochim Acta 55:1575–1581

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ren MM, Zhou Z, Gao XP, Peng WX, Wei JP (2008) J Phys Chem C 112:5689–5693

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wang L, Zhou X, Guo Y (2010) J Power Sources 195:2844–2850

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhai J, Zhao M, Wang D, Qiao Y (2010) J Alloys Compd 502:401–406

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang LL, Liang G, Peng G, Zou F, Huang YH, Croft MC, Ignatov A (2012) J Phys Chem C 116:12401–12408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Chen Z, Dai C, Wu G, Nelson M, Hu X, Zhang R, Liu J, Xia J (2010) Electrochim Acta 55:8595–8599

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Yuan W, Yan J, Tang Z, Sha O, Wang J, Mao W, Ma L (2012) J Power Sources 201:301–306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Wang J, Liu J, Yang G, Zhang X, Yan X, Pan X, Wang R (2009) Electrochim Acta 54:6451–6454

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Yang XL, Mou F, Zhang LL, Peng G, Dai ZX, Wen ZY (2012) J Power Sources 204:182–186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Duan S, Zhang LL, Yang XL, Peng G, Huang YH, Qin L, Li M, Ni SB (2014) Chin J Inorg Chem 30:345–352

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Huang H, Yin SC, Kerr T, Taylor N, Nazar LF (2002) Adv Mater 14:1525–1528

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Saïdi MY, Barker J, Huang H, Swoyer JL, Adamson G (2002) Electrochem Solid-State Lett 5:A149–A151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Yin SC, Grondey H, Strobel P, Anne M, Nazar LF (2003) J Am Chem Soc 125:10402–10411

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Wang J, Wang Z, Li X, Guo H, Xiao W, Huang S, He Z (2013) J Solid State Electrochem 17:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Jiang T, Pan W, Wang J, Bie X, Du F, Wei Y, Wang C, Chen G (2010) Electrochim Acta 55:3864–3869

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Huang JS, Yang L, Liu KY (2012) Mater Lett 66:196–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Cho AR, Son JN, Aravindan V, Kim H, Kang KS, Yoon WS, Lee YS (2012) J Mater Chem 22:6556–6560

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Burba CM, Frech R (2007) Solid State Ionics 177:3445–3454

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Chen L, Wang C, Wang H, Qiao E, Wang S, Jiang X, Yang G (2014) Electrochim Acta 125:338–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wang F, Yang J, NuLi Y, Wang J (2013) Electrochim Acta 103:96–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Jiang Y, Xu W, Chen D, Jiao Z, Zhang H, Ma Q, Cai X, Zhao B, Chu Y (2012) Electrochim Acta 85:377–383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Qiao YQ, Tu JP, Xiang JY, Wang XL, Mai YJ, Zhang D, Liu WL (2011) Electrochim Acta 56:4139–4145

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Yin SC, Strobel PS, Grondey H, Nazar LF (2004) Chem Mater 16:1456–1465

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Wang D, Li H, Shi S, Huang X, Chen L (2005) Electrochim Acta 50:2955–2958

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Peng G, Zhang LL, Yang XL, Duan S, Liang G, Huang YH (2013) J Alloys Compd 570:1–6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Zhang LL, Duan S, Yang XL, Peng G, Liang G, Huang YH, Jiang Y, Ni SB, Li M (2013) ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:12304–12310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (51302153, 51272128), the Key Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (D20131303), the Opening Project of CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion (CKEM131404), the Pew Foundation of Master Dissertation of China Three Gorges University (2015PY025), and the Scientific Fund of China Three Gorges University (KJ2012B043).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for New Energy Microgrid, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China

    Lu-Lu Zhang, Hua-Bin Sun, Xue-Lin Yang, Ming Li, Zhen Li, Shi-Bing Ni & Hua-Chao Tao

  2. CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China

    Lu-Lu Zhang

Authors
  1. Lu-Lu Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hua-Bin Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xue-Lin Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ming Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhen Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Shi-Bing Ni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Hua-Chao Tao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xue-Lin Yang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, LL., Sun, HB., Yang, XL. et al. Natural graphite enhanced the electrochemical performance of Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode material for lithium ion batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 20, 311–318 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-3044-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-3044-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation