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Electrodeposited conductive polymers for controlled drug release: polypyrrole

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Abstract

Over the last 40 years, electrically conductive polymers have become well established as important electrode materials. Polyanilines, polythiophenes and polypyrroles have received particular attention due to their ease of synthesis, chemical stability, mechanical robustness and the ability to tailor their properties. Electrochemical synthesis of these materials as films have proved to be a robust and simple way to realise surface layers with controlled thickness, electrical conductivity and ion transport. In the last decade, the biomedical compatibility of electrodeposited polymers has become recognised; in particular, polypyrroles have been studied extensively and can provide an effective route to pharmaceutical drug release. The factors controlling the electrodeposition of this polymer from practical electrolytes are considered in this review including electrolyte composition and operating conditions such as the temperature and electrode potential. Voltammetry and current-time behaviour are seen to be effective techniques for film characterisation during and after their formation. The degree of take-up and the rate of drug release depend greatly on the structure, composition and oxidation state of the polymer film. Specialised aspects are considered, including galvanic cells with a Mg anode, use of catalytic nanomotors or implantable biofuel cells for a self-powered drug delivery system and nanoporous surfaces and nanostructures. Following a survey of polymer and drug types, progress in this field is summarised and aspects requiring further research are highlighted.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Ministry of Higher Education and the Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrochemical Engineering Laboratory, Energy Technology Research Group, Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK

    B. Alshammary, F. C. Walsh & C. Ponce de Leon

  2. Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    P. Herrasti

Authors
  1. B. Alshammary
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  2. F. C. Walsh
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  3. P. Herrasti
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  4. C. Ponce de Leon
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Ponce de Leon.

Additional information

This paper is dedicated to Professor José H. Zagal on the occasion of his 65th birthday with appreciation of his studies on conductive polymer films.

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Alshammary, B., Walsh, F.C., Herrasti, P. et al. Electrodeposited conductive polymers for controlled drug release: polypyrrole. J Solid State Electrochem 20, 839–859 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-2982-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-2982-9

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