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A review of polymer electrolytes: fundamental, approaches and applications

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Abstract

In this paper, we review different types of polymer electrolytes, recent approaches and technological applications of polymer electrolytes. The report first discusses the characteristics, advantages and applications for three types of polymer electrolytes: gel polymer electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes and composite polymer electrolytes. Next, we discuss the features and performance of different polymer hosts based on some important and recently published literature. Recent progress of some approaches used in improving the performance of the polymer electrolytes is highlighted. The last part of the review includes the technological applications of some electrical energy storing/converting devices: electrochemical capacitors, batteries, fuel cells and dye-sensitized solar cells. It is also stressed that the technological advancement in the polymer electrolytes plays a pivotal role in the development of energy storing/converting systems.

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Abbreviations

AFC:

Alkaline fuel cell

BL:

g-butyrolactone

CPE:

Composite polymer electrolyte

DBP:

Dibutyl phthalate

DEC:

Diethyl carbonate

DEP:

Diethyl phthalate

DMC:

Dimethyl carbonate

DMF:

Dimethyl formamide

DMFC:

Direct methanol fuel cell

DOA:

Diocthyl adipate

DSSC:

Dye-sensitized solar cell

EV:

Electric vehicles

ECW:

Electrochromic window

EC:

Ethylene carbonate

EDLC:

Electrical double-layer capacitor

FC:

Fuel cell

GPE:

Gel polymer electrolyte

GS:

Glycol sulfite

HEV:

Hybrid electric vehicle

Li2B4O7 :

Lithium tetraborate

LiCF3SO3 :

Lithium triflate

LiClO4 :

Lithium perchlorate

LiPF6 :

Lithium hexafluorophosphate

LiTFSI:

Lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide

MCFC:

Molten carbonate fuel cell

MEC:

Methylethyl carbonate

MFC:

Microbial fuel cell

PAA:

Poly(acrylic acid)

PAFC:

Phosphoric acid fuel cell

PAN:

Poly(acrylonitrile)

PC:

Propylene carbonate

PCL:

Poly(ε-caprolactone)

PE:

Polymer electrolyte

PEFC:

Polymer electrolyte fuel cell

PEMA:

Poly(ethyl methacrylate)

PEMFC:

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

PEO:

Poly(ethylene oxide)

PIL:

Protic ionic liquid

PMMA:

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

PVA:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)

PVC:

Poly(vinyl chloride)

PVdF:

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

PVdF-HFP:

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene)

RTIL:

Room temperature ionic liquid

SLI:

Start-light ignition

SOFC:

Solid oxide fuel cell

SPE:

Solid polymer electrolyte

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FP012-2015A) from the Ministry of Education, Malaysia, Universiti Malaya Research Grant IPPP (project account number PG120-2015B) and Grand Challenge Grant (GC002A15SBS).

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  1. Centre for Ionics University of Malaya, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Koh Sing Ngai, S. Ramesh & K. Ramesh

  2. Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Postgraduate Studies (IPS), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Joon Ching Juan

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Ngai, K.S., Ramesh, S., Ramesh, K. et al. A review of polymer electrolytes: fundamental, approaches and applications. Ionics 22, 1259–1279 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-016-1756-4

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