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Distribution of CO2 fixation and acetate mineralization pathways in microorganisms from extremophilic anaerobic biotopes

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Abstract

Extremophilic anaerobes are widespread in saline, acid, alkaline, and high or low temperature environments. Carbon is essential to living organisms and its fixation, degradation, or mineralization is driven by, up to now, six metabolic pathways. Organisms using these metabolisms are known as autotrophs, acetotrophs or carbon mineralizers, respectively. In anoxic and extreme environments, besides the well-studied Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle, there are other five carbon fixation pathways responsible of autotrophy. Moreover, regarding carbon mineralization, two pathways perform this key process for carbon cycling. We might imagine that all the pathways can be found evenly distributed in microbial biotopes; however, in extreme environments, this does not occur. This manuscript reviews the most commonly reported anaerobic organisms that fix carbon and mineralize acetate in extreme anoxic habitats. Additionally, an inventory of autotrophic extremophiles by biotope is presented.

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Acknowledgments

We thank to Dr. José Luis Sanz for critically reading this manuscript and his valuable comments. Lilia Montoya acknowledges the support of an institutional grant (IPICYT).

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  1. IPICYT, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78216, Mexico

    Lilia Montoya & Ángel G. Alpuche-Solís

  2. IPICYT, División de Geociencias Aplicadas, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78216, Mexico

    Lourdes B. Celis

  3. IPICYT, División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78216, Mexico

    Elías Razo-Flores

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  1. Lilia Montoya
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Montoya, L., Celis, L.B., Razo-Flores, E. et al. Distribution of CO2 fixation and acetate mineralization pathways in microorganisms from extremophilic anaerobic biotopes. Extremophiles 16, 805–817 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-012-0487-3

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