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Bonding performance and interfacial adaptation of modern bulk-fill restorative composites after aging in artificial saliva: an in vitro study

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Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed at comparing the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) and interfacial adaptation of a modern self-curing and a light-curing restorative bulk-fill composite to a conventional composite applied with the layering technique.

Methods

Forty-eight occlusal cavities were divided in three main groups (16/group) based on tested materials: (i) STELA, bulk-fill self-curing restorative (STELA, SDI Ltd.); (ii) 3 M-BULK, bulk-fill composite (Filtek One Bulk-Fill, 3 M Oral Care); and (iii) 3 M-CTR, a conventional composite (Filtek Supreme XTE, 3 M Oral Care). These were used in combination with their adhesives in self-etch (SE) or etch-and-rinse (ER) mode. Specimens stored in artificial saliva (24 h or 12 months) were evaluated for MTBS and fractography. The interfacial analysis was performed through confocal microscopy. ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD post hoc tests were performed with a level of significance of 5%.

Results

All the tested materials applied in ER mode presented (24 h) greater bond strength than in SE mode. Although all materials showed a significant drop in the bond strength after prolonged storage, STELA showed the highest bonding performance and interfaces with few gaps. 3 M-BULK had the lowest bond strength and an interface with several voids and gaps.

Conclusions

All materials were affected by interface degradation and bonding reduction over prolonged aging. However, their use in combination with adhesives applied in ER mode may offer greater immediate bonding performance.

Clinical relevance.

The use of restorative light-curing bulk-fill composites may generate gaps at the bonding interface and voids. STELA may represent a suitable alternative to avoid such issues.

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Acknowledgements

All the materials used in this study were regularly purchased from local distributors. The authors also gratefully acknowledge SDI Ltd. (Bayswater, Australia), for a generous donation of STELA Automix restorative and STELA Primer used in this study.

Funding

Paula Maciel Pires was undertaking a post-doctorate exchange program at Cardenal Herrera University during a part of the experimental assay and was supported by a FAPERJ grant from Brazil (E-26/205.718/2022). This study was also supported in part by a grant funded by Generalitat Valenciana (CIAICO/2022/198).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Paula Maciel Pires & Aline de Almeida Neves

  2. Dental Biomaterials & Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115, Valencia, Spain

    Paula Maciel Pires & Salvatore Sauro

  3. Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213, Lodz, Poland

    Monika Lukomska-Szymanska

  4. Research & Development, SDI Limited, Bayswater, Australia

    Paul Farrar

  5. Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, UCAM, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus Los Jerónimos 135, 30107, Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain

    Álvaro Ferrando Cascales

Authors
  1. Paula Maciel Pires
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  2. Aline de Almeida Neves
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  3. Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
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  4. Paul Farrar
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  5. Álvaro Ferrando Cascales
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  6. Salvatore Sauro
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Contributions

S.S. and P.M.P. wrote the main manuscript, performed the experimental tests and analysis and interpretation of the results; P.F. contributed to the experimental design; A. A.N. performed the statistical analysis and reviewed the final version of the manuscript; M.L.S. contributed to the experimental design and reviewed the final version of the manuscript; A.F.C. performed part of the experimental tests and reviewed the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Salvatore Sauro.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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For this type of study, human molars used in this study were collected according to the guidelines of the local Ethics Committee (CEEI22/309).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Pires, P.M., de Almeida Neves, A., Lukomska-Szymanska, M. et al. Bonding performance and interfacial adaptation of modern bulk-fill restorative composites after aging in artificial saliva: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Invest 28, 132 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-024-05525-5

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