Abstract
Misfolded prion protein (PrPSc) is known for its role in fatal neurodegenerative conditions, such as Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. PrP fragments and their mutants represent important tools in the investigation of the neurotoxic mechanisms and in the evaluation of new compounds that can interfere with the processes involved in neuronal death. Metal-catalyzed oxidation of PrP has been implicated as a trigger for the conformational changes in protein structure, which, in turn, lead to misfolding. Targeting redox-active biometals copper and iron is relevant in the context of protection against the oxidation of biomolecules and the generation of oxidative stress, observed in several conditions and considered an event that might promote sporadic prion diseases as well as other neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, ortho-pyridine aroylhydrazones are of interest, as they can act as moderate tridentate ligands towards divalent metal ions such as copper(II). In the present work, we explore the potentiality of this chemical class as peptide protecting agents against the deleterious metal-catalyzed oxidation in the M112A mutant fragment of human PrP, which mimics relevant structural features that may play an important role in the neurotoxicity observed in prion pathologies. The compounds inhere studied, especially HPCFur, showed an improved stability in aqueous solution compared to our patented lead hydrazone INHHQ, displaying a very interesting protective effect toward the oxidation of methionine and histidine, processes that are related to both physiological and pathological aging.
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Abbreviations
- dMKHA:
-
Ac-SKPKTNMKHA-NH2
- HPCIH:
-
Pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone
- HPCFur:
-
Pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde 2-furoyl hydrazone
- PrPC :
-
Cellular prion protein
- PrPSc :
-
Scrapie prion protein
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- RP-HPLC:
-
Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography
- TFA:
-
Trifluoroacetic acid
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Acknowledgements
NAR, DSC, and BNE are grateful for the scientific Brazilian funding agencies FAPERJ (Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brazil), and CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brazil) for the research fellowships and scholarships awarded. The financial support from the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (NKFI-115480 and NKFI-128783) is appreciated. The research was supported by the EU and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund under the project GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00008. The Hungarian co-authors also thank the UNKP-18-4 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities. This research was also financed by the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The authors wish to thank Prof. Dr. Christian Griesinger, director of the NMR-based Structural Biology Department, for his support and fruitful discussions, and Kerstin Overkamp, from the same institution, for her experimental support in the ESI-MS measurements.
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Cukierman, D.S., Bodnár, N., Evangelista, B.N. et al. Impact of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde-derived aroylhydrazones on the copper-catalyzed oxidation of the M112A PrP103–112 mutant fragment. J Biol Inorg Chem 24, 1231–1244 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-019-01700-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-019-01700-2