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Peripheral quantitative computed tomography-derived bone parameters in men with impaired fasting glucose and diabetes

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Abstract

Introduction

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at higher risk of fracture, but paradoxically do not have reduced bone mineral density. We investigated associations between peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and glycaemia status.

Materials and methods

Participants were men (n = 354, age 33–92 year) from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Diabetes was defined by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, self-report of diabetes and/or antihyperglycaemic medication use and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as FPG 5.6–6.9 mmol/L. Bone measures were derived using pQCT (XCT2000) at 4% and 66% radial and tibial sites. Linear regression was used, adjusting for age, body mass index and socio-economic status.

Results

At the 4% site, men with T2DM had lower adjusted bone total area, trabecular area and cortical area at the radius (all − 6.2%) and tibia (all − 6.4%) compared to normoglycaemia. Cortical density was higher for T2DM at the radius (+ 5.8%) and tibia (+ 8.0%), as well as adjusted total bone density at the tibial site (+ 6.1%). At the 66% site, adjusted total bone area and polar stress strain index were lower for T2DM at the radius (− 4.3% and − 8.0%). Total density was also higher for T2DM (+ 1.2%).

Only cortical density at the 4% tibial site was different between IFG and normoglycaemia in adjusted analyses (+ 4.5%).

Conclusion

Men with T2DM had lower total bone area, trabecular area, cortical area and polar stress strain index than the other two groups; however, total density and cortical density were higher. Only one difference was observed between IFG and normoglycaemia; increased tibial cortical density.

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Data Availability Statement

Data are available upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Professor Graham Giles of the Cancer Epidemiology Centre of The Cancer Council Victoria, for permission to use the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies (Version 2), Melbourne: The Cancer Council Victoria 1996. The Geelong Osteoporosis Study was supported by grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; projects 299831, 628582), but they played no role in the collection or interpretation of data. KLH-K was supported by an Alfred Deakin Postdoctoral Research Fellowship; KBA by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship; MT by a Deakin Postgraduate Scholarship; SXS and NKH by Dean’s Research Postdoctoral Fellowships (Deakin University). JWH was supported by a Deakin University Postgraduate Research Scholarship.

Funding

National Health and Medical Research Council, 299831, 628582, Julie Pasco; Deakin University, Alfred Deakin Postdoctoral Research Fellowship, Kara Holloway-Kew; Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship, Kara Anderson; Deakin Postgraduate Scholarship, Monica Tembo; Dean’s Research Postdoctoral Fellowship, Sophia Sui; Dean’s Research Postdoctoral Fellowship, Natalie Hyde; Deakin University Postgraduate Research Scholarship, Jacob Harland.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IMPACT–the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Level 3 (Barwon Health), PO Box 281, Geelong, , VIC, 3220, Australia

    Kara L. Holloway-Kew, Kara B. Anderson, Monica C. Tembo, Sophia X. Sui, Jacob W. Harland, Natalie K. Hyde, Mark A. Kotowicz & Julie A. Pasco

  2. Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia

    Mark A. Kotowicz & Julie A. Pasco

  3. Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia

    Mark A. Kotowicz & Julie A. Pasco

  4. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Australia

    Julie A. Pasco

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  1. Kara L. Holloway-Kew
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Contributions

KLH-K: study planning, data collection and analysis, interpretation, manuscript writing. KBA: data collection and management, critical reviewing of the manuscript. MCT: data collection and management, critical reviewing of the manuscript. SXS: data collection and management, critical reviewing of the manuscript. JWH: data interpretation and critical reviewing of the manuscript. NKH: critical reviewing of the manuscript. MAK: data interpretation and critical reviewing of the manuscript. JAP: study planning, funding acquisition, data interpretation and critical reviewing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kara L. Holloway-Kew.

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Holloway-Kew, K.L., Anderson, K.B., Tembo, M.C. et al. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography-derived bone parameters in men with impaired fasting glucose and diabetes. J Bone Miner Metab 41, 131–142 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-022-01389-5

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