Abstract
Diets in rats and humans have shown promising results. Taurine improved glucagon activity, promoted glycemic stability, modified glucose levels, successfully addressed hyperglycemia via advanced glycation end-product control, improved insulin secretion and had a beneficial effect on insulin resistance. Taurine treatment performed well against oxidative stress in brain, increased the secretion of required hormones and protected against neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy in diabetes compared with the control. Taurine has been observed to be effective in treatments against diabetic hepatotoxicity, vascular problems and heart injury in diabetes. Taurine was shown to be effective against oxidative stress. The mechanism of action of taurine cannot be explained by one pathway, as it has many effects. Several of the pathways are the advanced glycation end-product pathway, PI3-kinase/AKT pathway and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The worldwide threat of diabetes underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutic measures against this disorder. Taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid) is a natural compound that has been studied in diabetes and diabetes-induced complications.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- DM:
-
Diabetes mellitus
- Tau:
-
Taurine
- LP:
-
Low protein
- OLETF:
-
Long–Evans Tokushima fatty
References
Abebe W (2008) Effects of taurine on the reactivity of aortas from diabetic rats. Life Sci 82:279–289
Aerts L, van Assche FA (2002) Taurine and taurine-deficiency in the perinatal period. J Perinat Med 30:281–286
Agca CA, Tuzcu M, Hayirli A, Sahin K (2014) Taurine ameliorates neuropathy via regulating NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling cascades in diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 71:116–121
Ahmed N (2005) Advanced glycation end products—role in pathology of diabetic complications. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 67:3–21
Alvarado-Vásquez N, Zamudio P, Cerón E, Vanda B, Zenteno E, Carvajal-Sandoval G (2003) Effect of glycine in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 134:521–527
Ansar S, Koska J, Reaven PD (2011) Postprandial hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk: focus on incretins. Cardiovasc Diabetol 10:61
Anthrayose C, Shashidhar S (2004) Studies on protein and taurine in normal, senile and diabetic cataractous human lenses. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 48:357–360
Anupama V, Narmadha R, Gopalakrishnan V, Devaki K (2012) Enzymatic alteration in the vital organs of streptozotocin diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of Erythrina variegata bark. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 4:134–147
Arrick DM, Sun H, Patel KP, Mayhan WG (2011) Chronic resveratrol treatment restores vascular responsiveness of cerebral arterioles in type 1 diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 301:H696–H703
Askwith T, Zeng W, Eggo MC, Stevens MJ (2009) Oxidative stress and dysregulation of the taurine transporter in high-glucose-exposed human Schwann cells: implications for pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 297:E620–E628
Bahmani M, Zargaran A, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Saki K (2014) Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in the management of diabetes mellitus in the Urmia, Northwest Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med 7:S348–S354
Batista TM, Ribeiro RA, da Silva PM, Camargo RL, Lollo PC, Boschero AC, Carneiro EM (2013) Taurine supplementation improves liver glucose control in normal protein and malnourished mice fed a high-fat diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 57:423–434
Baynes JW (1991) Role of oxidative stress in development of complications in diabetes. Diabetes 40:405–412
Benson J, Masor M (1994) Infant formula development: past, present and future. Endocr Regul 28:9–16
Bessho M, Murase-Mishiba Y, Imagawa A, Terasaki J, Hanafusa T (2014) Possible contribution of taurine to distorted glucagon secretion in intra-islet insulin deficiency: a metabolome analysis using a novel α-cell model of insulin-deficient diabetes. PLoS One 9:e113254
Bhattacharya S, Manna P, Gachhui R, Sil PC (2011) d-Saccharic acid-1, 4-lactone ameliorates alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress in rats through inhibiting pancreatic beta-cells from apoptosis via mitochondrial dependent pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 257:272–283
Brøns C, Spohr C, Storgaard H, Dyerberg J, Vaag A (2004) Effect of taurine treatment on insulin secretion and action, and on serum lipid levels in overweight men with a genetic predisposition for type II diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Nutr 58:1239–1247
Brownlee M (2001) Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature 414:813–820
Cain K, Bratton SB, Cohen GM (2002) The Apaf-1 apoptosome: a large caspase-activating complex. Biochimie 84:203–214
Caletti G, Almeida FB, Agnes G, Nin MS, Barros HMT, Gomez R (2015) Antidepressant dose of taurine increases mRNA expression of GABA A receptor α 2 subunit and BDNF in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Behav Brain Res 283:11–15
Casey RG, Gang C, Joyce M, Bouchier-Hayes DJ (2007) Taurine attenuates acute hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, leucocyte-endothelial cell interactions and cardiac dysfunction. J Vasc Res 44:31–39
Ceriello A (2000) Oxidative stress and glycemic regulation. Metabolism 49:27–29
Chandra D, Jackson EB, Ramana KV, Kelley R, Srivastava SK, Bhatnagar A (2002) Nitric oxide prevents aldose reductase activation and sorbitol accumulation during diabetes. Diabetes 51:3095–3101
Chang K (2002) Effect of taurine and β-alanine on morphological changes of pancreas in streptozotocin-induced rats. Taurine 4:571–577
Chauncey KB, Tenner TE, Lombardini JB, Jones BG, Brooks ML, Warner RD, Davis RL, Ragain RM (2003) The effect of taurine supplementation on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Taurine 5. Springer, Boston, MA, pp 91–96
Cherif H, Reusens B, Dahri S, Remacle C, Hoet J (1996) Stimulatory effects of taurine on insulin secretion by fetal rat islets cultured in vitro. J Endocrinol 151:501–506
Chinenye S, Uloko AE, Ogbera AO, Ofoegbu EN, Fasanmade OA, Fasanmade AA, Ogbu OO (2012) Profile of Nigerians with diabetes mellitus-Diabcare Nigeria study group (2008): results of a multicenter study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 16:558
Cnop M, Welsh N, Jonas J-C, Jörns A, Lenzen S, Eizirik DL (2005) Mechanisms of pancreatic β-cell death in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 54:S97–S107
Control D, Group CT (1998) Effect of intensive therapy on residual beta-cell function in patients with type 1 diabetes in the diabetes control and complications trial. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 128:517–523
Das J, Sil PC (2012) Taurine ameliorates alloxan-induced diabetic renal injury, oxidative stress-related signaling pathways and apoptosis in rats. Amino Acids 43:1509–1523
Das J, Ghosh J, Manna P, Sil PC (2008) Taurine provides antioxidant defense against NaF-induced cytotoxicity in murine hepatocytes. Pathophysiology 15:181–190
Das J, Ghosh J, Manna P, Sil PC (2010a) Acetaminophen induced acute liver failure via oxidative stress and JNK activation: protective role of taurine by the suppression of cytochrome P450 2E1. Free Radic Res 44:340–355
Das J, Ghosh J, Manna P, Sil PC (2010b) Protective role of taurine against arsenic-induced mitochondria-dependent hepatic apoptosis via the inhibition of PKCδ-JNK pathway. PLoS One 5:e12602
Das J, Ghosh J, Manna P, Sil PC (2010c) Taurine protects acetaminophen-induced oxidative damage in mice kidney through APAP urinary excretion and CYP2E1 inactivation. Toxicology 269:24–34
Das J, Ghosh J, Manna P, Sil PC (2011) Taurine suppresses doxorubicin-triggered oxidative stress and cardiac apoptosis in rat via up-regulation of PI3-K/Akt and inhibition of p53, p38-JNK. Biochem Pharmacol 81:891–909
Das J, Ghosh J, Manna P, Sil PC (2012a) Taurine protects rat testes against doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress as well as p53, Fas and caspase 12-mediated apoptosis. Amino Acids 42:1839–1855
Das J, Vasan V, Sil PC (2012b) Taurine exerts hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, improves insulin-mediated glucose transport signaling pathway in heart and ameliorates cardiac oxidative stress and apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 258:296–308
de la Puerta C, Arrieta F, Balsa J, Botella-Carretero J, Zamarrón I, Vázquez C (2010) Taurina y metabolismo de la glucosa: unarevisión. Nutrición Hospitalaria 25:910–919
de Luca G, Calpona P, Caponetti A, Romano G, di Benedetto A, Cucinotta D, di Giorgio R (2001) Taurine and osmoregulation: platelet taurine content, uptake, and release in type 2 diabetic patients. Metabolism 50:60–64
de Luca A, Pierno S, Camerino DC (2015) Taurine: the appeal of a safe amino acid for skeletal muscle disorders. J Transl Med 13:243
Devamanoharan P, Ali A, Varma S (1997a) Oxidative stress to rat lens in vitro: protection by taurine. Free Radic Res 29:189–195
Devamanoharan P, Ali A, Varma S (1997b) Prevention of lens protein glycation by taurine. Mol Cell Biochem 177:245–250
di Leo M, Santini SA, Cercone S, Lepore D, Silveri NG, Caputo S, Greco AV, Giardina B, Franconi F, Ghirlanda G (2002) Chronic taurine supplementation ameliorates oxidative stress and Na+ K+ ATPase impairment in the retina of diabetic rats. Amino Acids 23:401–406
di Leo MA, Ghirlanda G, Silveri NG, Giardina B, Franconi F, Santini SA (2003) Potential therapeutic effect of antioxidants in experimental diabetic retina: a comparison between chronic taurine and vitamin E plus selenium supplementations. Free Radic Res 37:323–330
di Wu Q, Wang JH, Fennessy F, Redmond HP, Bouchier-Hayes D (1999) Taurine prevents high-glucose-induced human vascular endothelial cell apoptosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 277:C1229–C1238
Eizirik DL, Darville MI (2001) beta-cell apoptosis and defense mechanisms: lessons from type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 50:S64
el Mesallamy HO, El-Demerdash E, Hammad LN, el Magdoub HM (2010) Effect of taurine supplementation on hyperhomocysteinemia and markers of oxidative stress in high fructose diet induced insulin resistance. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2:46
Elizarova E, Nedosugova L (1996) First experiments in taurine administration for diabetes mellitus. In: Taurine 2. Springer, Boston, MA, pp 583–588
Evans JL, Goldfine ID, Maddux BA, Grodsky GM (2002) Oxidative stress and stress-activated signaling pathways: a unifying hypothesis of type 2 diabetes. Endocr Rev 23:599–622
Fatma El Zahraa Z, Mahmoud MF, El Maraghy NN, Ahmed AF (2012) Effect of Cordyceps sinensis and taurine either alone or in combination on streptozotocin induced diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol 50:1159–1165
Fennessy F, Moneley D, Wang J, Kelly C, Bouchier-Hayes D (2003) Taurine and vitamin C modify monocyte and endothelial dysfunction in young smokers. Circulation 107:410–415
Forbes JM, Coughlan MT, Cooper ME (2008) Oxidative stress as a major culprit in kidney disease in diabetes. Diabetes 57:1446–1454
Franconi F, Bennardini F, Mattana A, Miceli M, Ciuti M, Mian M, Gironi A, Anichini R, Seghieri G (1995) Plasma and platelet taurine are reduced in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects of taurine supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 61:1115–1119
Franconi F, di Leo MA, Bennardini F, Ghirlanda G (2004) Is taurine beneficial in reducing risk factors for diabetes mellitus? Neurochem Res 29:143–150
Ghosh J, Das J, Manna P, Sil PC (2009) Taurine prevents arsenic-induced cardiac oxidative stress and apoptotic damage: role of NF-κB, p38 and JNK MAPK pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 240:73–87
Gross A, McDonnell JM, Korsmeyer SJ (1999) BCL-2 family members and the mitochondria in apoptosis. Genes Dev 13:1899–1911
Haber CA, Lam TK, Yu Z, Gupta N, Goh T, Bogdanovic E, Giacca A, Fantus IG (2003) N-acetylcysteine and taurine prevent hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance in vivo: possible role of oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285:E744–E753
Han J, Bae JH, Kim S-Y, Lee H-Y, Jang B-C, Lee I-K, Cho C-H, Lim J-G, Suh S-I, Kwon T-K (2004) Taurine increases glucose sensitivity of UCP2-overexpressing β-cells by ameliorating mitochondrial metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287:E1008–E1018
Hansen SH (2001) The role of taurine in diabetes and the development of diabetic complications. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 17:330–346
Hansen SH, Andersen ML, Cornett C, Gradinaru R, Grunnet N (2010) A role for taurine in mitochondrial function. J Biomed Sci 17:S23
Harrison SA (2006) Liver disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Clin Gastroenterol 40:68–76
Hawkins CL, Davies MJ (2001) Generation and propagation of radical reactions on proteins. Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta (BBA) Bioenergetics 1504:196–219
Hayes K, Pronczuk A, Addesa A, Stephan Z (1989) Taurine modulates platelet aggregation in cats and humans. Am J Clin Nutr 49:1211–1216
Higo S, Miyata S, Jiang Q, Kitazawa R, Kitazawa S, Kasuga M (2008) Taurine administration after appearance of proteinuria retards progression of diabetic nephropathy in rats. Kobe J Med Sci 54:E35–E45
Hisashi T, Yukio Y, Kinya K (1979) Protective actions of taurine against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. Biochem Pharmacol 28:2807–2811
Hizoh I, Haller C (2002) Radiocontrast-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis: hypertonic versus oxidative stress. Investig Radiol 37:428–434
Hoogwerf BJ, Sferra J, Donley BG (2006) Diabetes mellitus—overview. Foot Ankle Clin 11:703–715
Hotamisligil GS (2006) Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature 444:860–867
Huang J-S, Chuang L-Y, Guh J-Y, Huang Y-J, Hsu M-S (2007) Antioxidants attenuate high glucose-induced hypertrophic growth in renal tubular epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol 293:F1072–F1082
Huang J-S, Chuang L-Y, Guh J-Y, Yang Y-L, Hsu M-S (2008) Effect of taurine on advanced glycation end products-induced hypertrophy in renal tubular epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 233:220–226
Huang J-S, Chuang L-Y, Guh J-Y, Huang Y-J (2009) Effects of nitric oxide and antioxidants on advanced glycation end products-induced hypertrophic growth in human renal tubular cells. Toxicol Sci 111:109–119
Huxtable R (1992) Physiological actions of taurine. Physiol Rev 72:101–163
Huxtable R (2002) Expanding the circle 1975–1999: sulfur biochemistry and insights on the biological functions of taurins. Taurine 4:1–25
Huxtable R, Bressler R (1974) Taurine concentrations in congestive heart failure. Science 184:1187–1188
Ikubo N, Saito M, Tsounapi P, Dimitriadis F, Ohmasa F, Inoue S, Shimizu S, Kinoshita Y, Satoh K (2011) Protective effect of taurine on diabetic rat endothelial dysfunction. Biomed Res 32:187–193
Itani SI, Ruderman NB, Schmieder F, Boden G (2002) Lipid-induced insulin resistance in human muscle is associated with changes in diacylglycerol, protein kinase C, and IκB-α. Diabetes 51:2005–2011
Ito T, Schaffer SW, Azuma J (2012) The potential usefulness of taurine on diabetes mellitus and its complications. Amino Acids 42:1529–1539
Jaeschke H (2000) Reactive oxygen and mechanisms of inflammatory liver injury. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15:718–724
Jeong I-K, King GL (2011) New perspectives on diabetic vascular complications: the loss of endogenous protective factors induced by hyperglycemia. Diabetes Metab J 35:8–11
Kamata K, Sugiura M, Kojima S, Kasuya Y (1996) Restoration of endothelium-dependent relaxation in both hypercholesterolemia and diabetes by chronic taurine. Eur J Pharmacol 303:47–53
Kaniuk NA, Kiraly M, Bates H, Vranic M, Volchuk A, Brumell JH (2007) Ubiquitinated-protein aggregates form in pancreatic β-cells during diabetes-induced oxidative stress and are regulated by autophagy. Diabetes 56:930–939
Kendler B (1996) Recent nutritional approaches to the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 12:3–23
Kim S-J, Gupta RC, Lee HW (2007) Taurine-diabetes interaction: from involvement to protection. Curr Diabetes Rev 3:165–175
Kim J-O, Lee G-D, Kwon J-H, Kim K-S (2009a) Anti-diabetic effects of new herbal formula in neonatally streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biol Pharm Bull 32:421–426
Kim JY, Lee SH, Song EH, Park YM, Lim J-Y, Kim DJ, Choi K-H, Park SI, Gao B, Kim W-H (2009b) A critical role of STAT1 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic liver injury in mice: controlled by ATF3. Cell Signal 21:1758–1767
Kim KS, Kim JY, Lee BG, You JS, Chang KJ, Chung H, Yoo MC, Yang H-I, Kang J-H, Hwang YC (2012) Taurine ameliorates hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia by reducing insulin resistance and leptin level in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats with long-term diabetes. Exp Mol Med 44:665–673
Kim HY, Kim HV, Yoon JH, Kang BR, Cho SM, Lee S, Kim JY, Kim JW, Cho Y, Woo J (2014) Taurine in drinking water recovers learning and memory in the adult APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Sci Rep 4:7467
König M, Bulik S, Holzhütter H-G (2012) Quantifying the contribution of the liver to glucose homeostasis: a detailed kinetic model of human hepatic glucose metabolism. PLoS Comput Biol 8:e1002577
Kontny E, Szczepańska K, Kowalczewski J, Kurowska M, Janicka I, Marcinkiewicz J, Maśliński W (2000) The mechanism of taurine chloramine inhibition of cytokine (interleukin-6, interleukin-8) production by rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Arthritis Rheumatol 43:2169–2177
Kulakowski EC, Maturo J (1984) Hypoglycemic properties of taurine: not mediated by enhanced insulin release. Biochem Pharmacol 33:2835–2838
Kumari N, Prentice H, Wu J-Y (2013) Taurine and its neuroprotective role. In: Taurine 8. Springer, New York, NY, pp 19–27
Li C, Cao L, Zeng Q, Liu X, Zhang Y, Dai T, Hu D, Huang K, Wang Y, Wang X (2005a) Taurine may prevent diabetic rats from developing cardiomyopathy also by downregulating angiotensin II type2 receptor expression. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 19:105–112
Li F, Obrosova IG, Abatan O, Tian D, Larkin D, Stuenkel EL, Stevens MJ (2005b) Taurine replacement attenuates hyperalgesia and abnormal calcium signaling in sensory neurons of STZ-D rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 288:E29–E36
Li F, Abatan OI, Kim H, Burnett D, Larkin D, Obrosova IG, Stevens MJ (2006) Taurine reverses neurological and neurovascular deficits in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Neurobiol Dis 22:669–676
Lourenco R, Camilo M (2002) Taurine: a conditionally essential amino acid in humans? An overview in health and disease. Nutr Hosp 17:262–270
Malone JI, Lowitt S, Cook WR (1990) Nonosmotic diabetic cataracts. Pediatr Res 27:293–296
Malone JI, Hanna S, Saporta S, Mervis RF, Park CR, Chong L, Diamond DM (2008) Hyperglycemia not hypoglycemia alters neuronal dendrites and impairs spatial memory. Pediatr Diabetes 9:531–539
Mandrup-Poulsen T (2003) Apoptotic signal transduction pathways in diabetes. Biochem Pharmacol 66:1433–1440
Manna P, Sinha M, Sil P (2008a) Taurine triggers a chemoprevention against cadmium induced testicular oxidative injury. Reprod Toxicol 26:282–291
Manna P, Sinha M, Sil PC (2008b) Amelioration of cadmium-induced cardiac impairment by taurine. Chem Biol Interact 174:88–97
Manna P, Sinha M, Sil PC (2009) Taurine plays a beneficial role against cadmium-induced oxidative renal dysfunction. Amino Acids 36:417
McCarty M (1999) The reported clinical utility of taurine in ischemic disorders may reflect a down-regulation of neutrophil activation and adhesion. Med Hypotheses 53:290–299
Menon VP, Sudheer AR (2007) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin. In: The molecular targets and therapeutic uses of curcumin in health and disease. Springer, Boston, MA, pp 105–125
Menzie J, Prentice H, Wu J-Y (2013) Neuroprotective mechanisms of taurine against ischemic stroke. Brain Sci 3:877–907
Merezak S, Hardikar A, Yajnik C, Remacle C, Reusens B (2001) Intrauterine low protein diet increases fetal beta-cell sensitivity to NO and IL-1 beta: the protective role of taurine. J Endocrinol 171:299–308
Merheb M, Daher RT, Nasrallah M, Sabra R, Ziyadeh FN, Barada K (2007) Taurine intestinal absorption and renal excretion test in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 30:2652–2654
Militante JD, Lombardini JB, Schaffer SW (2000) The role of taurine in the pathogenesis of the cardiomyopathy of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Res 46:393–402
Mochizuki H, Takido J, Oda H, Yokogoshi H (1999) Improving effect of dietary taurine on marked hypercholesterolemia induced by a high-cholesterol diet in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 63:1984–1987
Mohamed N, Gawad HA (2017) Taurine dietary supplementation attenuates brain, thyroid, testicular disturbances and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in male rats. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 6(3):247–252
Moloney MA, Casey RG, O’Donnell DH, Fitzgerald P, Thompson C, Bouchier-Hayes DJ (2010) Two weeks taurine supplementation reverses endothelial dysfunction in young male type 1 diabetics. Diabetes Vasc Dis Res 7:300–310
Mullarkey CJ, Edelstein D, Brownlee M (1990) Free radical generation by early glycation products: a mechanism for accelerated atherogenesis in diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 173:932–939
Nakamura T, Ushiyama C, Suzuki S, Shimada N, Ohmuro H, Ebihara I, Koide H (1999) Effects of taurine and vitamin E on microalbuminuria, plasma metalloproteinase-9, and serum type IV collagen concentrations in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Nephron 83:361–362
Nakaya Y, Minami A, Harada N, Sakamoto S, Niwa Y, Ohnaka M (2000) Taurine improves insulin sensitivity in the Otsuka long-evans Tokushima fatty rat, a model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 71:54–58
Nanami K, Oda H, Yokogoshi H (1996) Antihypercholesterolemic action of taurine on streptozotocin-diabetic rats or on rats fed a high cholesterol diet. In: Taurine 2. Springer, Boston, MA, pp 561–568
Nandhini TA, Anuradha CV (2003) Inhibition of lipid peroxidation, protein glycation and elevation of membrane ion pump activity by taurine in RBC exposed to high glucose. Clin Chim Acta 336:129–135
Nandhini A, Thirunavukkarasu V, Anuradha C (2004) Stimulation of glucose utilization and inhibition of protein glycation and AGE products by taurine. Acta Physiol 181:297–303
Nasri H, Rafieian-Kopaei M (2013) Tubular kidney protection by antioxidants. Iran J Public Health 42:1194
Nasri H, Rafieian-Kopaei M (2014) Protective effects of herbal antioxidants on diabetic kidney disease. J Res Med Sci 19:82–83
Norhammar A, Tenerz Å, Nilsson G, Hamsten A, Efendíc S, Rydén L, Malmberg K (2002) Glucose metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: a prospective study. Lancet 359:2140–2144
Nowotny K, Jung T, Höhn A, Weber D, Grune T (2015) Advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomolecules 5:194–222
Obrosova IG, Stevens MJ (1999) Effect of dietary taurine supplementation on GSH and NAD (P)-redox status, lipid peroxidation, and energy metabolism in diabetic precataractous lens. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40:680–688
Obrosova I, Minchenko A, Marinescu V, Fathallah L, Kennedy A, Stockert C, Frank R, Stevens M (2001a) Antioxidants attenuate early up regulation of retinal vascular endothelial growth factor in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Diabetologia 44:1102–1110
Obrosova IG, Fathallah L, Stevens MJ (2001b) Taurine counteracts oxidative stress and nerve growth factor deficit in early experimental diabetic neuropathy. Exp Neurol 172:211–219
Ogasawara M, Nakamura T, Koyama I, Nemoto M, Yoshida T (1993) Reactivity of taurine with aldehydes and its physiological role. Chem Pharm Bull 41:2172–2175
Oja SS, Saransaari P (2007) Pharmacology of taurine. In: Proceedings-Western Pharmacology Society, 2007. [Western Pharmacology Society]; 1998, vol 8
Ojo O, Brooke J (2015) Evaluating the association between diabetes, cognitive decline and dementia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 12:8281–8294
Oprescu AI, Bikopoulos G, Naassan A, Allister EM, Tang C, Park E, Uchino H, Lewis GF, Fantus IG, Rozakis-Adcock M (2007) Free fatty acid-induced reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Diabetes 56:2927–2937
Özcan U, Cao Q, Yilmaz E, Lee A-H, Iwakoshi NN, Özdelen E, Tuncman G, Görgün C, Glimcher LH, Hotamisligil GS (2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity, insulin action, and type 2 diabetes. Science 306:457–461
Park S-H, Choi H-J, Lee J-H, Woo C-H, Kim J-H, Han H-J (2001) High glucose inhibits renal proximal tubule cell proliferation and involves PKC, oxidative stress, and TGF-β1. Kidney Int 59:1695–1705
Pennathur S, Heinecke JW (2007) Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in vascular disease. Curr Diabetes Rep 7:257–264
Pörksen S, Nielsen LB, Kaas A, Kocova M, Chiarelli F, Ørskov C, Holst JJ, Ploug KB, Hougaard P, Hansen L (2007) Meal-stimulated glucagon release is associated with postprandial blood glucose level and does not interfere with glycemic control in children and adolescents with new-onset type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:2910–2916
Racasan S, Braam B, van der Giezen DM, Goldschmeding R, Boer P, Koomans HA, Joles JA (2004) Perinatal l-arginine and antioxidant supplements reduce adult blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 44:83–88
Ramasamy R, Vannucci SJ, Yan SSD, Herold K, Yan SF, Schmidt AM (2005) Advanced glycation end products and RAGE: a common thread in aging, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. Glycobiology 15:16R–28R
Ramasamy R, Yan SF, Schmidt AM (2007) Arguing for the motion: yes, RAGE is a receptor for advanced glycation endproducts. Mol Nutr Food Res 51:1111–1115
Rashid K, Bhattacharya S, Sil PC (2012) Protective role of d-saccharic acid-1, 4-lactone in alloxan induced oxidative stress in the spleen tissue of diabetic rats is mediated by suppressing mitochondria dependent apoptotic pathway. Free Radic Res 46:240–252
Rashid K, Das J, Sil PC (2013) Taurine ameliorate alloxan induced oxidative stress and intrinsic apoptotic pathway in the hepatic tissue of diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 51:317–329
Reagan LP (2012) Diabetes as a chronic metabolic stressor: causes, consequences and clinical complications. Exp Neurol 233:68–78
Revsin Y, Rekers NV, Louwe MC, Saravia FE, de Nicola AF, de Kloet ER, Oitzl MS (2009) Glucocorticoid receptor blockade normalizes hippocampal alterations and cognitive impairment in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 34:747–758
Reynolds C, Molnar GD, Horwitz DL, Rubenstein AH, Taylor WF, Jiang N-S (1977) Abnormalities of endogenous glucagon and insulin in unstable diabetes. Diabetes 26:36–45
Ribeiro RA, Bonfleur ML, Amaral AG, Vanzela EC, Rocco SA, Boschero AC, Carneiro EM (2009) Taurine supplementation enhances nutrient-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic mice islets. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 25:370–379
Rolo AP, Palmeira CM (2006) Diabetes and mitochondrial function: role of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 212:167–178
Rovetta F, Stacchiotti A, Consiglio A, Cadei M, Grigolato PG, Lavazza A, Rezzani R, Aleo MF (2012) ER signaling regulation drives the switch between autophagy and apoptosis in NRK-52E cells exposed to cisplatin. Exp Cell Res 318:238–250
Roy A, Sil PC (2012) Taurine protects murine hepatocytes against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by tert-butyl hydroperoxide via PI3K/Akt and mitochondrial-dependent pathways. Food Chem 131:1086–1096
Roy A, Manna P, Sil PC (2009) Prophylactic role of taurine on arsenic mediated oxidative renal dysfunction via MAPKs/NF-κ B and mitochondria dependent pathways. Free Radic Res 43:995–1007
Sandovici I, Smith NH, Nitert MD, Ackers-Johnson M, Uribe-Lewis S, Ito Y, Jones RH, Marquez VE, Cairns W, Tadayyon M (2011) Maternal diet and aging alter the epigenetic control of a promoter–enhancer interaction at the Hnf4a gene in rat pancreatic islets. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108:5449–5454
Schaffer SW, Azuma J, Mozaffari M (2009) Role of antioxidant activity of taurine in diabetes this article is one of a selection of papers from the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Translational Knowledge for Heart Health (published in part 1 of a 2-part Special Issue). Can J Physiol Pharmacol 87:91–99
Schalkwijk CG, Ligtvoet N, Twaalfhoven H, Jager A, Blaauwgeers HG, Schlingemann RO, Tarnow L, Parving H-H, Stehouwer CD, van Hinsbergh VW (1999) Amadori albumin in type 1 diabetic patients: correlation with markers of endothelial function, association with diabetic nephropathy, and localization in retinal capillaries. Diabetes 48:2446–2453
Segal KR, Landt M, Klein S (1996) Relationship between insulin sensitivity and plasma leptin concentration in lean and obese men. Diabetes 45:988–991
Selvaraj N, Bobby Z, Sathiyapriya V (2006) Effect of lipid peroxides and antioxidants on glycation of hemoglobin: an in vitro study on human erythrocytes. Clin Chim Acta 366:190–195
Shivaraj MC, Marcy G, Low G, Ryu JR, Zhao X, Rosales FJ, Goh EL (2012) Taurine induces proliferation of neural stem cells and synapse development in the developing mouse brain. PLoS One 7:e42935
Shulman GI (2000) Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance. J Clin Investig 106:171
Siafarikas A, Johnston RJ, Bulsara MK, O’Leary P, Jones TW, Davis EA (2012) Early loss of the glucagon response to hypoglycemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 35:1757–1762
Sies H (2015) Oxidative stress: a concept in redox biology and medicine. Redox Biol 4:180–183
Singh N, Anand S (1994) Cell death by apoptosis. Indian J Exp Biol 32:843–847
Sinha M, Manna P, Sil PC (2007) Taurine, a conditionally essential amino acid, ameliorates arsenic-induced cytotoxicity in murine hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 21:1419–1428
Sinha M, Manna P, Sil PC (2008a) Cadmium-induced neurological disorders: prophylactic role of taurine. J Appl Toxicol 28:974–986
Sinha M, Manna P, Sil PC (2008b) Taurine protects the antioxidant defense system in the erythrocytes of cadmium treated mice. BMB Rep 41:657–663
Sinha M, Manna P, Sil PC (2009) Induction of necrosis in cadmium-induced hepatic oxidative stress and its prevention by the prophylactic properties of taurine. J Trace Elem Med Biol 23:300–313
Son M, Ko JI, Kim WB, Kang HK, Kim BK (1997) Taurine can ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease in rats. Adv Exp Med Biol 442:291–298
Son H-Y, Kim H, Kwon YH (2007) Taurine prevents oxidative damage of high glucose-induced cataractogenesis in isolated rat lenses. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 53:324–330
Spohr C, Brøns C, Winther K, Dyerberg J, Vaag A (2005) No effect of taurine on platelet aggregation in men with a predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Platelets 16:301–305
Stevens M, Lattimer S, Kamijo M, van Huysen C, Sima A, Greene D (1993) Osmotically-induced nerve taurine depletion and the compatible osmolyte hypothesis in experimental diabetic neuropathy in the rat. Diabetologia 36:608–614
Stevens MJ, Hosaka Y, Masterson JA, Jones SM, Thomas TP, Larkin DD (1999) Downregulation of the human taurine transporter by glucose in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 277:E760–E771
Stranahan AM (2015) Models and mechanisms for hippocampal dysfunction in obesity and diabetes. Neuroscience 309:125–139
Stranahan AM, Arumugam TV, Cutler RG, Lee K, Egan JM, Mattson MP (2008) Diabetes impairs hippocampal function through glucocorticoid-mediated effects on new and mature neurons. Nat Neurosci 11:309–317
Sturman JA (1993) Taurine in development. Physiol Rev 73:119–147
Sugden M, Holness M (2002) Gender-specific programming of insulin secretion and action. J Endocrinol 175:757–767
Tang C, Han P, Oprescu AI, Lee SC, Gyulkhandanyan AV, Chan GN, Wheeler MB, Giacca A (2007) Evidence for a role of superoxide generation in glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction in vivo. Diabetes 56:2722–2731
Taniguchi CM, Ueki K, Kahn CR (2005) Complementary roles of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in the hepatic regulation of metabolism. J Clin Investig 115:718
Tanji N, Markowitz GS, Fu C, Kislinger T, Taguchi A, Pischetsrieder M, Stern D, Schmidt AM, D’Agati VD (2000) Expression of advanced glycation end products and their cellular receptor RAGE in diabetic nephropathy and nondiabetic renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 11:1656–1666
Tas S, Sarandol E, Ayvalik SZ, Serdar Z, Dirican M (2007) Vanadyl sulfate, taurine, and combined vanadyl sulfate and taurine treatments in diabetic rats: effects on the oxidative and antioxidative systems. Arch Med Res 38:276–283
Tenner Jr TE, Zhang XJ, Lombardini JB (2003) Hypoglycemic effects of taurine in the alloxan-treated rabbit, a model for type 1 diabetes. In: Taurine 5. Springer, Boston, MA, pp 97–104
Tokunaga H, Yoneda Y, Kuriyama K (1983) Streptozotocin-induced elevation of a pancreatic taurine content and suppressive effect of taurine on insulin secretion. Eur J Pharmacol 87:237–243
Toth C, Rong LL, Yang C, Martinez J, Song F, Ramji N, Brussee V, Liu W, Durand J, Nguyen MD (2008) Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) and experimental diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 57:1002–1017
Trachtman H, Futterweit S, Maesaka J, Ma C, Valderrama E, Fuchs A, Tarectecan A, Rao P, Sturman J, Boles T (1995) Taurine ameliorates chronic streptozocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol 269:F429–F438
Ulrich-Merzenich G, Zeitler H, Vetter H, Bhonde RR (2007) Protective effects of taurine on endothelial cells impaired by high glucose and oxidized low density lipoproteins. Eur J Nutr 46:431
Unger RH, Orci L (2010) Paracrinology of islets and the paracrinopathy of diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci 107:16009–16012
Verdile G, Fuller SJ, Martins RN (2015) The role of type 2 diabetes in neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 84:22–38
Verzola D, Bertolotto MB, Villaggio B, Ottonello L, Dallegri F, Frumento G, Berruti V, Gandolfo MT, Garibotto G, Deferrari G (2002) Taurine prevents apoptosis induced by high ambient glucose in human tubule renal cells. J Investig Med 50:443–451
Vieira ER, Mendy A, Prado CM, Gasana J, Albatineh AN (2015) Falls, physical limitations, confusion and memory problems in people with type II diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes, and the influence of vitamins A, D and E. J Diabetes Complicat 29:1159–1164
Vilchis C, Salceda R (1996) Effect of diabetes on levels and uptake of putative amino acid neurotransmitters in rat retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Neurochem Res 21:1167–1171
Vincent AM, Perrone L, Sullivan KA, Backus C, Sastry AM, Lastoskie C, Feldman EL (2007) Receptor for advanced glycation end products activation injures primary sensory neurons via oxidative stress. Endocrinology 148:548–558
Vitvitsky V, Garg SK, Banerjee R (2011) Taurine biosynthesis by neurons and astrocytes. J Biol Chem 286:32002–32010
Wada R, Yagihashi S (2005) Role of advanced glycation end products and their receptors in development of diabetic neuropathy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1043:598–604
Wang L-J, Yu Y-H, Zhang L-G, Wang Y, Niu N, Li Q, Guo L-M (2008) Taurine rescues vascular endothelial dysfunction in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats: correlated with downregulation of LOX-1 and ICAM-1 expression on aortas. Eur J Pharmacol 597:75–80
Winiarska K, Szymanski K, Gorniak P, Dudziak M, Bryla J (2009) Hypoglycaemic, antioxidative and nephroprotective effects of taurine in alloxan diabetic rabbits. Biochimie 91:261–270
Wolff SP, Dean R (1987) Glucose autoxidation and protein modification. The potential role of ‘autoxidative glycosylation’ in diabetes. Biochem J 245:243–250
Xiao C, Giacca A, Lewis G (2008) Oral taurine but not N-acetylcysteine ameliorates NEFA-induced impairment in insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in obese and overweight, non-diabetic men. Diabetologia 51:139–146
Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Minokoshi YA, Ito Y, Waki H, Uchida S, Yamashita S, Noda M, Kita S, Ueki K (2002) Adiponectin stimulates glucose utilization and fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Nat Med 8:1288–1295
Yamori Y, Liu L, Ikeda K, Miura A, Mizushima S, Miki T, Nara Y (2001) Distribution of 24 h urinary taurine excretion and association with ischemic heart disease mortality in 24 populations of 16 countries: results from the WHO-CARDIAC study. Hypertens Res 24:453–457
Yao D, Taguchi T, Matsumura T, Pestell R, Edelstein D, Giardino I, Suske G, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ, Sarthy VP (2007) High glucose increases angiopoietin-2 transcription in microvascular endothelial cells through methylglyoxal modification of mSin3A. J Biol Chem 282:31038–31045
Yao H-T, Lin P, Chang Y-W, Chen C-T, Chiang M-T, Chang L, Kuo Y-C, Tsai H-T, Yeh T-K (2009) Effect of taurine supplementation on cytochrome P450 2E1 and oxidative stress in the liver and kidneys of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol 47:1703–1709
Yim S, Malhotra A, Veves A (2007) Antioxidants and CVD in diabetes: where do we stand now? Curr Diabetes Rep 7:8–13
Yu X, Xu Z, Mi M, Xu H, Zhu J, Wei N, Chen K, Zhang Q, Zeng K, Wang J (2008) Dietary taurine supplementation ameliorates diabetic retinopathy via anti-excitotoxicity of glutamate in streptozotocin-induced Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurochem Res 33:500–507
Zeng K, Xu H, Mi M, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Chen K, Chen F, Zhu J, Yu X (2009) Dietary taurine supplementation prevents glial alterations in retina of diabetic rats. Neurochem Res 34:244–254
Zeng K, Xu H, Chen K, Zhu J, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Mantian M (2010a) Effects of taurine on glutamate uptake and degradation in Müller cells under diabetic conditions via antioxidant mechanism. Mol Cell Neurosci 45:192–199
Zeng K, Xu H, Mi M, Chen K, Zhu J, Yi L, Zhang T, Zhang Q, Yu X (2010b) Effects of taurine on glial cells apoptosis and taurine transporter expression in retina under diabetic conditions. Neurochem Res 35:1566–1574
Zhang WJ, Tan YF, Yue J, Vranic M, Wojtowicz J (2008) Impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis in streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats. Acta Neurol Scand 117:205–210
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors hereby declare that there are no conflicts of interest, and all authors agreed to and participated in the work done on this review.
Research subjects
This review is a compilation of previous works performed by different authors. No animal or human was used or harmed in this work.
Informed consent
This manuscript is being submitted after consent was obtained from all authors, and all authors are aware of this manuscript submission.
Additional information
Handling Editor: J. D. Wade.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Inam-u-llah, Piao, F., Aadil, R.M. et al. Ameliorative effects of taurine against diabetes: a review. Amino Acids 50, 487–502 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-018-2544-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-018-2544-4