Abstract
Alstroemeria species present a well-conserved and asymmetric karyotype. The genus is divided into a Chilean clade, rich in heterochromatin, and a Brazilian clade, poor in heterochromatin. We investigated the distribution of the main repetitive sequences in the chromosomes of the Brazilian species A. longistaminea (2n = 16 + 0-6B) aiming to evaluate the role played by these sequences on the structural organization of the karyotype. In situ hybridization of the three most abundant retrotransposons, corresponding to ~ 45% of the genome, was uniformly distributed. Three satellite DNA sequences, representing near half of the whole satellite fraction (1.93% of the genome), were mainly concentrated on the heterochromatin and one of them painted the whole B chromosome. Noteworthy, some satellites were located on euchromatin, either dispersed or concentrated in clusters along the chromosomes, revealing a G-band-like pattern. The two satellites that presented more C-band- and G-band-like labeling were also hybridized in situ in two other Alstroemeria species. They revealed astonishing similar patterns of distribution, indicating an unusually structural karyotype conservation among Brazilian species.
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The authors thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil) for the research fellowship to MG (PQ 311924/2016-6) and TR (PDJ 150912/2017-0).
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MG and TR conceived and designed the study. LPF and MG performed fieldwork and taxonomy. MV and TR performed the experiments. MG and TR carried out data analysis and draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Online Resource 1.
Primers used for amplification of repetitive sequences from A. logistaminea genome. (DOC 49 kb)
Online Resource 2.
Dotplot of satDNAs from Alstroemeria longistaminea identified using TAREAN tools. Contigs containing at least two monomers were extracted from clusters and compared to each other. Sequences which share similarity are bolded: AloSAT6A/6B vs. AloSAT6C and AloSAT7 vs. AloSAT10 (TIF 2212 kb)
Online Resource 3.
Monomers of satDNA reconstructed from A. longistaminea genomic reads (DOC 32 kb)
Online Resource 4.
Telocentric morphology of B chromosomes of A. longistaminea revealed by AloSAT7 in an individual with five Bs (arrows). In prophase (a), AloSAT7 labels only one chromosome end, indicating they are telocentrics. In highly condensed metaphase (b), they look like metacentrics or isotelocentrics because the interchromatid space looks like a primary constriction, but AloSAT7 signal reveal the real position of the centromere. Bar in b corresponds to 10 μm (TIF 2995 kb)
Online Resource 5.
In situ hybridization of AloSAT13 in A. longistaminea labelling the heterochromatic blocks and some additional sites on termini of all chromosomes. a, DAPI; a’, labelling with AloSAT13. Bar in a’ corresponds to 10 μm (TIF 2457 kb)
Online Resource 6.
In situ distribution of AloSAT4 (a, a’), AloSAT6B (b, b’), and AloSAT10 (c, c’). Metaphase in b was too spread and was mounted based in two photos. Arrowheads point to heterochromatic blocks. Inset in b’ shows amplified B chromosome. Bar in b’ corresponds to 10 μm (TIF 15035 kb)
Online Resource 7.
Profile of repetitive sequences mapped on B chromosomes of A. longistaminea. Chromovirus (a’), Ogre (b’), Tork (c’), AloSAT5 (d’), AloSAT6A (e’), AloSAT7 (f’), AloSAT11 (g’) and AloSAT13 (h’). Bar in h’ corresponds to 2.5 μm (TIF 902 kb)
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Ribeiro, T., Vaio, M., Félix, L.P. et al. Satellite DNA probes of Alstroemeria longistaminea (Alstroemeriaceae) paint the heterochromatin and the B chromosome, reveal a G-like banding pattern, and point to a strong structural karyotype conservation. Protoplasma 259, 413–426 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-021-01681-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-021-01681-7