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Molecular characterization of a porcine sapelovirus strain isolated in China

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Abstract

Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) infections have been associated with a wide spectrum of symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic infection to clinical signs including diarrhoea, pneumonia, reproductive disorders, and polioencephalomyelitis. Although it has a global distribution, there have been relatively few studies on PSV in domestic animals. We isolated a PSV strain, SHCM2019, from faecal specimens from swine, using PK-15 cells. To investigate its molecular characteristics and pathogenicity, the genomic sequence of strain SHCM2019 was analysed, and clinical manifestations and pathological changes occurring after inoculation of neonatal piglets were observed. The virus isolated using PK-15 cells was identified as PSV using RT-PCR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Sequencing results showed that the full-length genome of the SHCM2019 strain was 7,567 nucleotides (nt) in length, including a 27-nucleotide poly(A) tail. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that this virus was a PSV isolate belonging to the Chinese strain cluster. Recombination analysis indicated that there might be a recombination breakpoint upstream of the 3D region of the genome. Pathogenicity experiments demonstrated that the virus isolate could cause diarrhoea and pneumonia in piglets. In breif, a recombinant PSV strain, SHCM2019, was isolated and shown to be pathogenic. Our results may provide a reference for future research on the pathogenic mechanism and evolutionary characteristics of PSV.

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Data supporting the conclusions of this article are presented in the manuscript.

Abbreviations

PSV:

Porcine sapelovirus

PEV-8:

Porcine enterovirus 8

UTR:

Untranslated region

ORF:

Open reading frame

DMEM:

Dulbecco′s modified Eagle′s medium

FBS:

Foetal bovine serum

PKV:

Porcine kobuvirus

PAstV:

Porcine astrovirus

PDCoV:

Porcine deltacoronavirus

PToV:

Porcine torovirus

PTV:

Porcine teschovirus

PSaV:

Porcine sapovirus

PEDV:

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus

TGEV:

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus

PoRV:

Porcine rotavirus

BVDV:

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus

PCV2:

Porcine circovirus type 2

CPE:

Cytopathic effect

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

M-MLV:

Moloney murine leukaemia virus

DEPC:

Diethylpyrocarbonate

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

IFA:

Immunofluorescence assay

RT:

Room temperature

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

DAPI:

Diamidino-phenylindole

RDP:

Recombination detection program

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

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Funding

This research was funded by the 13th Five-Year National Key Research and Development Plan (No. 2018YFD0500102) and Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program, China (Grant No. C20190302).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 2901 Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Nana Li, Jie Tao, Benqiang Li, Jinghua Cheng, Ying Shi, Shi Xiaohui & Huili Liu

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  1. Nana Li
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  2. Jie Tao
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  3. Benqiang Li
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  4. Jinghua Cheng
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  5. Ying Shi
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  6. Shi Xiaohui
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  7. Huili Liu
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Contributions

HLL conceived and designed this study; NNL and BQL conducted experiments; JT, JHC, YS and XHS contributed their technical knowledge; NNL and HLL wrote this paper; BQL and TJ were involved in interpreting the results and critically reading the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Huili Liu.

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Conflict interest

All authors declare that they have no competing interests. Author details Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai 201106, China.

Ethical approval

All animal experiments were performed under the guidance of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Laboratory Animal Care International accredited facility.

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Handling Editor: Diego G. Diel

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Li, N., Tao, J., Li, B. et al. Molecular characterization of a porcine sapelovirus strain isolated in China. Arch Virol 166, 2683–2692 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05153-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05153-4

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