Abstract
This paper studies the spatiotemporal variability of the IRt index (defined as the difference between the percentage of precipitation corresponding to warm days and cold days in year t) calculated at 35 stations in the Iberian Peninsula during 1951–2019. Spatial variability is estimated using cluster analysis (Euclidean distance, Ward's method), which allows regionalization of the data set for each year's season. For each cluster, the < IR > index is defined as the average of the indexes corresponding to each cluster element. The temporal evolution of the < IR > indices is analyzed by studying the appearance of trends using the Mann–Kendall test and the possible existence of various subperiods using the cumulative sum of deviations and the t-test for the difference between the means. The role of EA, EA/WR, NAO, SCAN and WeMO teleconnection patterns in modulating the relationship between temperature and precipitation is analyzed by applying multiple regression analysis. The results show a trend towards positive (or less negative) values in the relationship between temperatures and precipitation (of varying magnitude depending on the region and season) and the contribution of atmospheric dynamics to these changes.
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Data availability
Temperature and precipitation data analysed during the current study are available in the European Climate Assessment & Dataset Project (ECA&D; https://www.ecad.eu/dailydata/index.php); EA, EA/WR, NAO, and SCAN indices data are from the Climate Prediction Center (http://www.ncep.noaa.gov/teledoc) and the WeMO index is from the Climate Research Unit, University of East Anglia (http://cru.aec.uk).
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Rodrigo, F.S. Spatiotemporal variability of the relationship between seasonal temperatures and precipitation in Spain, 1951–2019. Theor Appl Climatol 153, 1371–1391 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-023-04550-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-023-04550-w