Abstract
Due to its geographical location, Algeria is characterized by high spatiotemporal rainfall variability. In this study, data from 69 rain gauges located in representative humid, semiarid, and arid Mediterranean basins in northeastern Algeria were analyzed from 1970–2007 on a monthly scale using continuous wavelet analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis with the aim of regionalizing the rainfall patterns. The analysis shows that northern Algeria (Cluster 1), which has a humid climate, is dominated by periodic annual fluctuations in the 8–16-month band. This mode explains most of the total variance, with a contribution between 25 and 60%. In the Cluster 2 and Cluster 3 regions, the climate varies towards aridity (humid to arid from north to south), and the climate is dominated by long-term periodic phenomena characterizing multiannual fluctuations of 64–128 months to decadal periods greater than 128 months, which explains why the total cumulative contribution exceeds 50% of the total variance. In addition, the regional analysis of the isolated spectral bands of the 3–6-month (3 clusters), 8–16-month (3 clusters), and 1–3-year (4 clusters) scale-average variance revealed, globally and for the different regions, a long period of drought that was most pronounced during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, whereas the wet years were marked by fluctuations that exceeded the 95% confidence level during the study period, with a very remarkable tendency towards wet conditions, particularly since the late 1990s. The obtained results can assist decision-makers in better sustainable development practices, especially in the fields of water resources, agriculture, and energy.
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The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully thank the Directorate General for Scientific Research and Technological Development of Algeria, the Brazilian Federal Agency for the Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—CAPES) - Finance Code 001, and the Federal University of Paraíba (Public call No. 01/2021 Produtividade em Pesquisa PROPESQ/PRPG/UFPB proposal code: PVF14853-2021) for supporting this research. The authors thank all the engineers of the National Agency of Water Resources (ANRH), who provided us with necessary data. This and all my works are dedicated to the memory of my beloved wonderful mom and darling sister. Will they forever remain in my soul.
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Contributions
Bilel Zerouali: Formal assessment, conceptualization, writing—original draft preparation, supervision, and validation
Mohamed Chettih: Framework of methodology, resources, writing and searching for bibliography
Zaki Abda: Methodology, processing data and drawing the figures
Mohamed Mesbah: Resources, Data collection and data analysis
Celso Augusto Guimarães Santos: Methodology; writing—review and editing
Reginaldo Moura Brasil Neto: Writing—review and editing
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Zerouali, B., Chettih, M., Abda, Z. et al. A new regionalization of rainfall patterns based on wavelet transform information and hierarchical cluster analysis in northeastern Algeria. Theor Appl Climatol 147, 1489–1510 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03883-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03883-8