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Simultaneous voltammetric sensing of levodopa, piroxicam, ofloxacin and methocarbamol using a carbon paste electrode modified with graphite oxide and β-cyclodextrin

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Abstract

A carbon paste electrode (CPE) was modified with graphite oxide (GrO) and β-cyclodextrin (CD) to obtain a sensor for simultaneous voltammetric determination of levodopa (LD), piroxicam (PRX), ofloxacin (OFX) and methocarbamol (MCB). The morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the functionalized GrO were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, contact angle measurements and cyclic voltammetry. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the sensor is capable of detecting LD, PRX, OFX and MCB by square wave voltammetry (SWV) at working potentials of +0.40, +0.60, +1.03 and + 1.27 V (versus Ag/AgCl), respectively. Response is linear from 1.0 to 20 μM for LD, from 1.0 to 15 μM for PRX, from 1.0 to 20 μM for OFX, and from 1.0 to 50 μM for MCB. The respective limits of detection are 65, 105, 89 and 400 nM. The method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of LD, PRX, OFX and MCB in (spiked) real river water and synthetic urine samples, and the results were in agreement with those obtained using a spectrophotometric method, with recoveries close to 100%.

Schematic presentation of a novel electroanalytical method employing a carbon paste electrode modified with graphite oxide and β-cyclodextrin for the simultaneous determination of levodopa, piroxicam, ofloxacin and methocarbamol in urine and river water samples by square wave voltammetry.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support granted by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Proc. 160150/2015-9, Proc. 405546/2018-1 and Proc. 408430/2016-8. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, CEP: 13560-970, Brazil

    Anderson Martin Santos, Ademar Wong & Orlando Fatibello-Filho

  2. Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, Buri, SP, CEP: 18290-000, Brazil

    Fernando Campanhã Vicentini

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  1. Anderson Martin Santos
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  2. Ademar Wong
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  3. Fernando Campanhã Vicentini
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  4. Orlando Fatibello-Filho
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Correspondence to Fernando Campanhã Vicentini.

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Santos, A.M., Wong, A., Vicentini, F.C. et al. Simultaneous voltammetric sensing of levodopa, piroxicam, ofloxacin and methocarbamol using a carbon paste electrode modified with graphite oxide and β-cyclodextrin. Microchim Acta 186, 174 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3296-x

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