Abstract.
The combined use of scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDX) and square wave voltammetry (SQWV), is used for studying the corrosion processes that have taken place in buried glass from different archaeological sites in the Valencian Region (Spain). The procedures permit a parallel investigation of morphology and chemical composition. Determination of the chemical composition of the glasses and their alteration crust and identification of the elements responsible for the colour has been also carried out using energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The electrochemical response of samples attached to paraffin-impregnated graphite electrodes reveals the presence of different iron and manganese oxide species in the browning areas of the corroded glass. Image analysis applied to microphotographs obtained by means of SEM led to the determination of morphological parameters concerning the corrosion phenomena occurring on the surface of the fragments such as thickness of the corrosion layer and its laminated structure. Additionally, measurement of the thickness of the film of polymer used as coating in the consolidation treatments has been carried out using cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) combined with image analysis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Newton R, Davison S (1989) Conservation of glass. Butterworths, London
Paterakis A (ed) (1998) Glass ceramics and related materials. ICOM Committee for Conservation, Vantaa
Tennent N H (ed) (1999) The conservation of glass and ceramics. Research, practice and training. James & James, London
Mass J L (1999) Instrumental methods of analysis applied to the conservation of ancient and historic glass. In: Tennent N H (ed) The conservation of glass and ceramics. Research, practice and training. James & James, London, pp 15–41 and references therein
Hogg S E T, McPhail D S, Oakley V L, Rogers P S (1999) Modern instrumental methods for the study of the deterioration of vessel glass. In: Tennent N H (ed) The conservation of glass and ceramics. Research, practice and training. James & James, London, pp 42–56, and references therein
W Müller M Torge K Adam (1994) Glastech Ver Glass Sci Technol 67 45
C J Iliffe R G Newton (1976) Verr Refráct 30 30 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE28XksVGmtLs%3D
J M Bettembourg (1976) Verr Refráct 30 36 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE28Xks1aju7c%3D
C Macquet J H Thomassin (1992) Appl Clay Sci 7 17 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0169-1317(92)90025-I Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XlvVSgsrY%3D
A Helebrant A Jiricka J Jirickova (2004) Glass Sci Technol 77C 85
M E Morgenstein C Wicket A Barkatt (1999) J Archaeolog Sci 26 1193
B C Bunker (1994) J Non-Crystalline Solids 179 300 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0022-3093(94)90708-0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXitlanurY%3D
J Sterpenich G Libourel (2001) Chem Geol 174 181 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00315-6 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhsVensb4%3D
G A Cox B A Ford (1993) J Mat Sci 28 5637 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00367840 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXnsl2m
W Müller M Torge K Adam (1995) Glastech Ber Glass Sci Technol 68 285
A Silvestri G Molin G Salviulo (2005) J Non-Crystalline Solids 351 1338 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.03.013 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXks1Kqtro%3D
K Watkinson L Weber K Anheuser (2005) Archaeometry 47 69–82 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1475-4754.2005.00188.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjtFersr4%3D
Foy D, Picon M, Vichy M, Thirion-Merle V (2003) Caractérisation des verres de la fin de l’Antiquité en Méditerranée occidentale: l’émergence de nouveaux courants commerciaux in Échanges et commerce du verre dans le monde antique. In: Foy D, Nenna M D (eds) Actes du colloque de l’Association Francaise pour l’Archéologie du Verre, Aix-en-Provence et Marseille, 7–9 juin 2001, éditions Monique Mergoil, Montagnac, pp 41–85
Jackson C M, Baxter M J, Cool H E M (2003) Identifying group and meaning: an investigation of roman colourless glass in échanges et commerce du verre dans le monde antique. In: Foy D, Nenna M D (eds) Actes du colloque de l’Association Francaise pour l’Archéologie du Verre, Aix-en-Provence et Marseille, 7–9 juin 2001, éditions Monique Mergoil, Montagnac, pp 33–39
K H Wedepohl (1997) Glastech Ber Glass Sci Technol 70 246 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXlvFSktr8%3D
A Orlando F Olmi G Vaggelli M Bacci (1996) Analyst 121 553 Occurrence Handle10.1039/an9962100553 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xislant7g%3D
M Schreiner (1991) Microchim Acta II 255
W Müller (1992) Bol Soc Esp Ceram Vidrio 31-C 219
A Doménech-Carbó M T Doménech-Carbó L Osete-Cortina (2001) Electroanalysis 13 922 Occurrence Handle10.1002/1521-4109(200107)13:11<927::AID-ELAN927>3.0.CO;2-9
Doménech-Carbó A, Doménech-Carbó M T, Osete-Cortina L (2001) Electrochemical identification of iron centres in archaeological glass using microsamples attached to graphite/polyester composite electrodes, in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference “Hyalos-Vitrum-Glass”, Rhodes, April 1–4, pp 345–347
Valentín N (1999) El biodeterioro en vidrios. Métodos de control. In: Fernández-Navarro J M, Pastor-Rey de Viñas P (ed) 1st Jornadas Nacionales sobre Restauración y Conservación de Vidrio. Fundación Centro Nacional del Vidrio, La Granja de San Ildefonso, September 30–October 2, pp 39–46
Corvaia C, MacLeod I D, Harley C (1996) Conservation of glass recovered from shipwreck sites. In Preprints of the 11th triennial meeting of the ICOM Committee for Conservation, Edinburgh, September 1–6, ed. J. Brigdland, James & James, pp 819–825
Bechtel F, Raffaillac-Desfosse C, Schvoerer M, Berthier S (1994) Altération et irisation de céramiques glaçurées de l’Islam medieval (Tell Guftan, Syrie). In: Vendrell-Saz M, Pradell T, Molera J, Garcia M (ed) Proceedings of the European Meeting on Ancient Ceramics. Generalitat de Cataluña, Barcelona, November 18–21, pp 179–187
Doménech-Carbó M T, Aura-Castro E, López-Ballester E, Péris-Martínez V, Gimeno-Adelantado V, Bosch-Reig F (1998) Study of alterations and characterization of manufacturing techniques in mediaeval glazed ceramic from Manises (Valencia). In: Paterakis A (ed) Glass ceramics and related materials. ICOM Committee for Conservation, Vantaa, pp 97–105 and references cited therein
Römich H (1999) Historic glass and its interaction with the environment. In: Tennent N H (ed) The conservation of glass and ceramics. Research, practice and training. James & James, London, pp 5–14 and references cited therein
T M El-Shamy J Lewins R W Douglas (1972) Glass Technol 13 81 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE38XltVGqtbY%3D
Fernández-Navarro J M (1991) El Vidrio, CSIC, Madrid, pp 590–591 and references cited therein
Römich H (1999) Laboratory experiments to simulate corrosion on stained glass windows. In: Tennent N H (ed) The conservation of glass and ceramics. Research, practice and training. James & James, London, pp 57–65
F Fekrsanati J Hildenhagen K Dickmann P Mottner U Drewello (2001) Stud Conserv 46 196 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXpt1Sksr8%3D
T Grygar P Bezdicka D Hradil A Doménech F Marken L Pikna G Cebriá (2002) Analyst 127 1100 Occurrence Handle10.1039/b205199k Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xlslanu7s%3D
F Scholz B Meyer (1994) Chem Soc Rev 23 341 Occurrence Handle10.1039/cs9942300341 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXitVOjsLk%3D
Scholz F, Meyer B (1998) Electroanalytical chemistry, a series of advances. In: Bard A J, Rubinstein I (eds) Marcel Dekker, New York, vol 20, pp 1–87
T Grygar F Marken U Schröder F Scholz (2002) Collect Czech Chem Commun 67 163 Occurrence Handle10.1135/cccc20020163 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XitFyqs70%3D
R H Brill (1992) J Glass Stud 34 11
P Costagliola G Baldi C Cipriani E Pecchioni A Buccianti (2000) J Cultural Heritage 1 287
A Aerts K Janssens F Adams H Wouters (1999) J Archaeological Sci 26 883
W Li Z Deng J Wu J Guo (2005) Ceramics Int 3 487
Ramis G, García M C (2001) Quimiometría. Síntesis Madrid
H Wilcken H R Shulten (1996) Anal Chim Acta 336 201 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00390-X Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XnsFamu78%3D
A Helebrant J Matouek (1995) Glastech Ber Glass Sci Technol 68C1 207
F Scholz B Meyer (1994) Chem Soc Rev 23 341 Occurrence Handle10.1039/cs9942300341 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXitVOjsLk%3D
Scholz F, Meyer B (1998) Electroanalytical chemistry, a series of advances. In: Bard A J, Rubinstein I (eds) Marcel Dekker, New York, vol 20, pp 1–87
T Grygar F Marken U Schröder F Scholz (2002) Collect Czech Chem Commun 67 163 Occurrence Handle10.1135/cccc20020163 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XitFyqs70%3D
A Doménech-Carbó M T Doménech-Carbó M Moya-Moreno J V Gimeno-Adelantado F Bosch-Reig (2000) Electroanalysis 12 120 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(200002)12:2<120::AID-ELAN120>3.0.CO;2-E
Lovric M (2002) Square wave voltammetry. In: Scholz F (ed) Electroanalytical methods. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo
P Ruetschi R Giovaneli (1988) J Electrochem Soc 135 2663 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXmtl2iurY%3D
S Bodoardo J Brenet M Maja P Spinelli (1994) Electrochim Acta 39 1999 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0013-4686(94)85080-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXlvV2rsbg%3D
S Rodrigues N Munichandraiah A K J Shukla (1998) Appl Electrochem 28 1235 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhtFOms70%3D
S Bakardjieva P Bezdicka T Grygar P Vorm (2000) J Solid State Electrochem 4 306 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s100089900104 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlsFamtLc%3D
P Encinas L Lorenzo M L Tascón M D Vázquez P Sánchez-Batanero (1994) J Electroanal Chem 367 99
T Grygar (1996) Coll Czech Chem Commun 61 93 Occurrence Handle10.1135/cccc19960093 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XhvFSkt7o%3D
T Grygar (1997) J Solid State Electrochem 1 77 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s100080050025 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmsVSjsLo%3D
T Grygar (1998) J Solid State Electrochem 2 127 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s100080050077 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjsFWgtrw%3D
A Doménech-Carbó M T Doménech-Carbó J V Gimeno-Adelantado F Bosch-Reig M C Saurí-Peirs S Sánchez-Ramos (2001) Analyst 126 1764 Occurrence Handle10.1039/b100257k
López-Ballester E (1999) Estudio analítico y desarrollo de métodos de intervención conservativa de vidrio arqueológico (siglos XV–XVII) de la Comunidad Valenciana, Ph.D. Thesis, Polytechnical University of Valencia
M A Courty P Goldberg R Macpath (1989) Soils and micromorphology in archaeometry Cambridge University Press Cambridge 172
Rossi-Manaresi R, Tucci A (1985) SEM examination of a biocalcarenite treated with acrylic polymers, silane or silicone resins. Proceedings of Vth International Congress on deterioration and conservation of stone, Lausanne, 25–27 September, vol 2, pp 871–880
W C Forsman (1986) Polymers in solution. Theoretical considerations and newer methods of characterization Plenum Press New York 65–80
M T Doménech-Carbó E Aura-Castro (1999) Stud Conserv 44 19
R Mulder (1991) Basic principles of membrane technology Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht 58
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Doménech-Carbó, MT., Doménech-Carbó, A., Osete-Cortina, L. et al. A Study on Corrosion Processes of Archaeological Glass from the Valencian Region (Spain) and its Consolidation Treatment. Microchim Acta 154, 123–142 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-005-0472-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-005-0472-y