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Vertical distribution of an ectomycorrhizal community in upper soil horizons of a young Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stand of the Bavarian Limestone Alps

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Abstract

The vertical niche differentiation of genera of ectomycorrhiza (ECM) was assessed in a 17-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) plantation on a mountainous dolomitic site (1,050 m above sea level) of the Bavarian Limestone Alps. We determined ECM anatomotypes, recorded the abundance of corresponding ECM root tips and classified them into groups of ECM exploration types, which refer to the organisation and the extent of their extramatrical mycelia. The abundance of ECM was highest in the organic soil layers, compared to the mineral soil horizon. The ordination of the ECM communities and of the exploration types revealed segregation related to soil horizon properties. While Cenococcum geophilum preferred the organic soil layers, Lactarius spp., Tomentella spp. and Craterellus tubaeformis were generally most abundant in the mineral soil horizons. Cenococcum geophilum was the predominant species, possibly based on enhanced competitiveness under the prevailing site conditions. The short-distance exploration types (e.g. C. geophilum) preferentially colonised the organic soil layer, whereas the contact types (e.g. most of the Tomentella spp., C. tubaeformis) together with medium-distance types (e.g. Amphinema byssoides) were primarily associated with the underlying A-horizons. Therefore, the soil horizons had an important effect on the distribution of ECM and on their community structure. The spatial niche differentiation of ECM genera and exploration types is discussed in regard to specific physico-chemical properties of soil horizon and the assumed ecophysiological strategies of ECM.

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Acknowledgements

The project B63 was financed by the Bavarian Ministry of Forestry and Agriculture. The authors would like to thank Daniel Glaser, Christine Pfab and Rita Heibl for excellent field work and laboratory measurements. Last but not least the authors wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments, as well as Mrs. Dr. Jacquie van der Waals for the language editing of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology, Forest Nutrition and Water Resources, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany

    Roland Baier & Axel Göttlein

  2. Faculty of Biology, Department of Biology I, Mycological Biodiversity, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80638, München, Germany

    Jan Ingenhaag & Reinhard Agerer

  3. Department of Ecology, Plant Ecophysiology, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany

    Helmut Blaschke

  4. Fachgebiet Waldernährung und Wasserhaushalt, Am Hochanger 13, D-85354, Freising, Germany

    Roland Baier

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  1. Roland Baier
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  2. Jan Ingenhaag
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Correspondence to Roland Baier.

Appendix

Appendix

Ectomycorrhizal material

The isolated ECM are kept as voucher specimens in M (Holmgren et al. 1990): Germany, Bayern, Marquartstein, Rottauer Alm 47°48′00″N, 12°22′30″E, 1,050 m above sea level.

Amphinema byssoides (Pers.) J.Erikss. AMP-01: JI 154, leg. 09.10.02—JI 226, leg. 09.10.02—JI 074, leg. 03.08.02—JI 119, leg. 26.08.02—JI 103, leg. 26.08.02—JI 105, leg. 26.08.02—JI 064, leg. 03.08.02—JI 085, leg. 03.08.02—JI 245, leg. 09.10.02—JI 203, leg. 09.10.02—JI 127, leg. 26.08.02—JI 264, leg. 09.10.02.—Cenococcum geophilum Fr. CEN-01: JI 076, leg. 03.08.02—JI 082, eg. 03.08.02—JI 091, leg. 26.08.02—JI 065, leg. 03.08.02—JI 02, leg. 26.06.02.—Chroogomphus sp. CHR-00: JI 059, leg. 03.08.02—JI 057, leg. 03.08.02.—Chroogomphus helveticus (Singer) Moser CHR-01: JI 050, leg. 03.08.02—JI 220, leg. 09.10.02—JI 222, leg. 09.10.02.—Chroogomphus helveticus CHR-02: JI 081, leg. 03.08.02—JI 051, leg. 03.08.02—JI 258, leg. 09.10.02—JI 169, leg. 09.10.02—JI 093, leg. 26.08.02—JI 111, leg. 26.08.02.—Cortinarius sp. COR-00: JI 040, leg. 03.08.02—JI 078, leg. 03.08.02—JI 185, leg. 09.10.02—JI 187, leg. 09.10.02—JI 190, leg. 09.10.02—JI 276, leg. 09.10.02—JI 171, leg. 09.10.02—JI 174, leg. 09.10.02—JI 098, leg. 26.08.02—JI 107, leg. 26.08.02—JI 133, leg. 26.08.02—JI 136, leg. 26.08.02—JI 121, leg. 26.08.02—JI 196, leg. 09.10.02.—Craterellus tubaeformis (Bull.)Quél. CRA-01: JI 255, leg. 09.10.02 —JI 173, leg. 09.10.02—JI 210, leg. 09.10.02—JI 215, leg. 09.10.02—JI 219, leg. 09.10.02.—Dermocybe sp. DER-00: JI 253, leg. 09.10.02—JI 227, leg. 09.10.02—JI 228, leg. 09.10.02—JI 233, leg. 09.10.02—JI 237, leg. 09.10.02—JI 238, leg. 09.10.02—JI 240, leg. 09.10.02—JI 241, leg. 09.10.02—JI 118, leg. 26.08.02—JI 080, leg. 03.08.02—JI 049, leg. 03.08.02—JI 259, leg. 09.10.02—JI 162, leg. 09.10.02—JI 184, leg. 09.10.02—JI 186, leg. 09.10.02—JI 189, leg. 09.10.02—JI 256, leg. 09.10.02—JI 275, leg. 09.10.02—JI 170, leg. 09.10.02—JI 211, leg. 09.10.02—JI 212, leg. 09.10.02—JI 216, leg. 09.10.02—JI 095, leg. 26.08.02—JI 140, leg. 26.08.02—JI 100, leg. 26.08.02—JI 131, leg. 26.08.02—JI 132, leg. 26.08.02—JI 135, leg. 26.08.02—JI 272, leg. 09.10.02—JI 181, leg. 09.10.02—JI 110, leg. 26.08.02—JI 125, leg. 26.08.02—JI 126, leg. 26.08.02—JI 054, leg. 03.08.02—JI 055, leg. 03.08.02—JI 069, leg. 03.08.02—JI 159, leg. 09.10.02—JI 265, leg. 09.10.02—JI 267, leg. 09.10.02.—Hebeloma sp. HEB-00: JI 073, leg. 03.08.02—JI 043, leg. 03.08.02—JI 045, leg. 03.08.02—JI 047, leg. 03.08.02—JI 117, leg. 26.08.02—JI 262, leg. 09.10.02—JI 053, leg. 03.08.02—JI 038, leg. 03.08.02—JI 161, leg. 09.10.02—JI 194, leg. 09.10.02 —Hydnellum sp. HYD-00 Inocybe sp. INO-01: JI 052, leg. 03.08.02—JI 163, leg. 09.10.02—JI 099, leg. 26.08.02—JI 088, leg. 03.08.02—JI 152, leg. 09.10.02—JI 204, leg. 09.10.02—JI 207, leg. 09.10.02.—Inocybe sp. INO-02: JI 179, leg. 09.10.02—JI 246, leg. 09.10.02.—Lactarius sp. LAC-00: JI 153, leg. 09.10.02—JI 188, leg. 09.10.02—JI 198, leg. 09.10.02—JI 150, leg. 09.10.02—JI 122, leg. 26.08.02—JI 130, leg. 26.08.02—JI 063, leg. 03.08.02.—Lactarius deterrimus Gröger LAC-01: JI 141b, leg. 26.08.02—JI 183, leg. 09.10.02—JI 067, leg. 03.08.02—JI 060, leg. 03.08.02—JI 083, leg. 03.08.02—JI 250, leg. 09.10.02—JI 200, leg. 09.10.02—JI 208, leg. 09.10.02—JI 034, leg. 03.08.02—JI 035, leg. 03.08.02—JI 039, leg. 03.08.02.—Lactarius sp. LAC-02: JI 257, leg. 09.10.02—JI 273, leg. 09.10.02—JI 269, leg. 09.10.02—JI 270, leg. 09.10.02.—Ramaria sp. RAM-00: JI 271, leg. 09.10.02—JI 178, leg. 09.10.02—JI 113, leg. 26.08.02—JI 056, leg. 03.08.02—JI 036, leg. 03.08.02.—Russula sp. RUS-00: JI 180, leg. 09.10.02.—Russula cf. densifolia Secr. ex Gillet RUS-01: JI 124, leg. 26.08.02—JI 037, leg. 03.08.02—JI 032, leg. 26.06.02.—Russula cf. sanguinea (Bull.)Fr. RUS-02: JI 172, leg. 09.10.02.—Russula cf. vinosa Lindblad RUS-03: JI 086, leg. 03.08.02.—Sebacina sp. SEB-01 Tomentella sp. TOM-00: JI 145, leg. 26.08.02—JI 149, leg. 26.08.02—JI 089, leg. 03.08.02—JI 202, leg. 09.10.02—JI 025, leg. 26.06.02—JI 023, leg. 26.06.02.—Tomentella cf. pilosa (Burt)Bourd.&Galz.TOM-01: JI 155, leg. 09.10.02—JI 230, leg. 09.10.02—JI 232, leg. 09.10.02—JI 070, leg. 03.08.02—JI 071, leg. 03.08.02—JI 079, leg. 03.08.02—JI 066, leg. 03.08.02—JI 244, leg. 09.10.02—JI 248, leg. 09.10.02—JI 151, leg. 09.10.02—JI 209, leg. 09.10.02—JI 112, leg. 26.08.02.—Tomentella sp. TOM-02: JI 260, leg. 09.10.02—JI 144, leg. 26.08.02—JI 143, leg. 26.08.02.—Tomentella sp. TOM-03: JI 168, leg. 09.10.02—JI 166, leg. 09.10.02—JI 213, leg. 09.10.02—JI 217, leg. 09.10.02—JI 224, leg. 09.10.02.—Tomentella sp. TOM-04: JI 129, leg. 26.08.02.—Tomentella sp. TOM-05: JI 148, leg. 26.08.02—JI 142, leg. 26.08.02—JI 139, leg. 26.08.02—JI 084, leg. 03.08.02—JI 263, leg. 09.10.02.—Tomentella sp. TOM-06: JI 242, leg. 09.10.02—JI 223, leg. 09.10.02—JI 225, leg. 09.10.02—JI 243, leg. 09.10.02—JI 205, leg. 09.10.02—JI 193, leg. 09.10.02—JI 197a, leg. 09.10.02—JI 197b, leg. 09.10.02.—Tomentella sp. TOM-07: JI 234, leg. 09.10.02—JI 191, leg. 09.10.02—JI 274, leg. 09.10.02—JI 251, leg. 09.10.02.—Tomentella sp. TOM-08: JI 206, leg. 09.10.02—JI 160, leg. 09.10.02.—Tomentella sp. TOM-09: JI 077, leg. 03.08.02—JI 148b, leg. 26.08.02—JI 261, leg. 09.10.02—JI 094, leg. 26.08.02—JI 138, leg. 26.08.02—JI 102, leg. 26.08.02—JI 109, leg. 26.08.02—JI 137, leg. 26.08.02—JI 114, leg. 26.08.02—JI 128, leg. 26.08.02—JI 068, leg. 03.08.02—JI 195, leg. 09.10.02.—Tuber sp. TUB-00: JI 247, 09.10.02.—Tuber cf. borchii Vittad. TUB-01: JI 249, 09.10.02—JI 199, 09.10.02—JI 123, 26.08.02.—Tuber cf. melanosporum Vittad. TUB-02: JI 041, 03.08.02.

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Baier, R., Ingenhaag, J., Blaschke, H. et al. Vertical distribution of an ectomycorrhizal community in upper soil horizons of a young Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stand of the Bavarian Limestone Alps. Mycorrhiza 16, 197–206 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-006-0035-z

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