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Recent advances in argan propagation: a review

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Abstract

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This paper summarizes recent findings on argan propagation through conventional and tissue culture techniques and outlines the advantages and limitations of each method. New directions for future research are proposed.

Abstract

Argan (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) is an agroforestry species that produces one of the most expensive oils in the world. In 1998, the endemic argan forest in Morocco was recognized as a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO. Since then, argan has gained considerable international attention. Argan is primarily found in a limited coastal area of Morocco and is threatened by various biotic and abiotic factors, including overexploitation, urban expansion, overgrazing, successive years of drought, and climate change. Moreover, argan is difficult to propagate. Because the demand for argan products is constantly increasing, many researchers have attempted to develop efficient propagation methods using both conventional and tissue culture techniques. Conventional propagation has been successfully achieved by seeds, stem cuttings, and by grafting. In vitro propagation has been achieved through seed germination, nodal segment culture, micrografting, and organogenesis from zygotic explants. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports on regeneration of argan via somatic embryogenesis or adventitious organogenesis from adult tissues. In this review, we discuss the main methods of argan propagation, summarize the progress made in this field, and report the most relevant findings from the literature. In addition, we highlight the advantages and limitations of each propagation method and propose new directions for future research.

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Abbreviations

BAP:

6-benzylaminopurine

GA3 :

Gibberellic acid

GAs:

Gibberellins

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

NAA:

1-naphthaleneacetic acid

PGR:

Plant growth regulator

TDZ:

Thidiazuron

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agro-Biotechnology Research Unit, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Marrakech, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, 10090, Rabat, Morocco

    Mouaad Amine Mazri

  2. Natural Resources and Local Products Research Unit, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, 10090, Rabat, Morocco

    Meriyem Koufan

  3. In Vitro Culture Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, National School of Agriculture, BP S/40, 50001, Meknes, Morocco

    Sanae Moussafir, Amine Essatte & Ilham Belkoura

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  1. Mouaad Amine Mazri
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Mazri, M.A., Koufan, M., Moussafir, S. et al. Recent advances in argan propagation: a review. Trees 36, 1455–1476 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-021-02262-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-021-02262-0

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