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Anatomical observation of polyphenol changes in epidermal cells during the development of Quercus acutissima–Scleroderma verrucosum ectomycorrhizae

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Abstract

Quercus acutissima seedlings were cultivated in growth pouches and inoculated with Scleroderma verrucosum in order to assess the changes in polyphenol contents in epidermal cells during ECM development. Semithin sections stained with metachromatic Toluidine Blue O (TBO) were compared among non-inoculated lateral roots, early mantled lateral roots, and mycorrhizal roots with a mature mantle. Hyphae adhered closely or were embedded in mucilage-like materials on the epidermis. Epidermal cells and root hairs of the non-inoculated second-order lateral roots developing from the taproot harbored polyphenolic compounds that were stained by TBO. At non-inoculated stage, the average numbers of epidermal cells stained entirely (PC2), stained partially (PC1) or remaining unstained (PC0) were 16.5 ± 0.7, 0 ± 0, and 0 ± 0, respectively. At the early mantled stage, the numbers were 6.5 ± 1.6, 5.2 ± 1.4, and 4.2 ± 1.0, and at the mycorrhizal stage, it was 0 ± 0, 0 ± 0, and 32.8 ± 1.3 for PC2, PC1, and PC0, respectively. Total phenolic content in the root tips at each developmental stage declined with ECM development. The early mantled stage involved a dynamic process of polyphenol localization. However, some epidermal cells and endodermal cells of the proximal zone accumulated polyphenols. Eventually, polyphenolic compounds, which were found abundantly in the epidermal cells and root hairs of the non-inoculated lateral roots of the host, disappeared at the mycorrhization process with the symbiont.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (#20255002) and also the National Research Foundation of Korea. We would like to sincerely thank emeritus professor Dr. Kwang-In Oh of Chonnam National University for the experiment material offer, Mr. Kye-Moon Wie for technical assistance, and Mr. Masanori Yasui of the Electron Microscope Center of Hokkaido University. The comments of two anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Laboratory of Forest Resource Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan

    Nam Chul Jung & Yutaka Tamai

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  1. Nam Chul Jung
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  2. Yutaka Tamai
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Correspondence to Yutaka Tamai.

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Communicated by R. Hampp.

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Jung, N.C., Tamai, Y. Anatomical observation of polyphenol changes in epidermal cells during the development of Quercus acutissima–Scleroderma verrucosum ectomycorrhizae. Trees 26, 301–310 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-011-0592-4

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