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The application of omic technologies to research in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury

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Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill children and adults, and sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI) is the most frequent cause of AKI in the ICU. To date, no mechanistically targeted therapeutic interventions have been identified. High-throughput “omic” technologies (e.g., genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc.) offer a new angle of approach to achieve this end. In this review, we provide an update on the current understanding of SA-AKI pathophysiology. Omic technologies themselves are briefly discussed to facilitate interpretation of studies using them. We next summarize the body of SA-AKI research to date that has employed omic technologies. Importantly, omic studies are helping to elucidate a pathophysiology of SA-AKI centered around cellular stress responses, metabolic changes, and dysregulation of energy production that underlie its clinical features. Finally, we propose opportunities for future research using clinically relevant animal models, integrating multiple omic technologies and ultimately progressing to translational human studies focusing therapeutic strategies on targeted disease mechanisms.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. Prasad Devarajan and Dr. Hector Wong for helping conceive and develop this work and for their insightful editorial input.

Funding

SWS receives grant support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (1K08HL133377-01A1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Denise Hasson & Stephen W. Standage

  2. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Stuart L. Goldstein

  3. Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Stuart L. Goldstein & Stephen W. Standage

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All authors contributed to the conception and design of the review. Denise Hasson and Steve Standage wrote the initial draft of the manuscript which was edited, revised, and ultimately approved by all authors.

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Hasson, D., Goldstein, S.L. & Standage, S.W. The application of omic technologies to research in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury. Pediatr Nephrol 36, 1075–1086 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-020-04557-9

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