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Genetic diversity and population genetic structure analysis of an extensive collection of wild and cultivated Vigna accessions

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Abstract

Vigna is a large, pan-tropic and highly variable group of the legumes family which is known for its > 10 cultivated species having significant commercial value for their nutritious grains and multifarious uses. The wild vignas are considered a reservoir of numerous useful traits which can be deployed for introgression of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, seed quality and enhanced survival capability in extreme environments. Nonetheless, for their effective utilization through introgression breeding information on their genetic diversity, population structure and crossability is imperative. Keeping this in view, the present experiment was undertaken with 119 accessions including 99 wild Vigna accessions belonging to 19 species and 18 cultivated genotypes of Vigna and 2 of Phaseolus. Total 102 polymorphic SSRs were deployed to characterize the material at molecular level which produced 1758 alleles. The genotypes were grouped into four major clusters which were further sub-divided in nine sub-clusters. Interestingly, all cultivated species shared a single cluster while no such similarities were observed for the wild accessions as these were distributed in different groups of sub-clusters. The co-dominant allelic data of 114 accessions were then utilized for obtaining status of the accessions and their hybrid forms. The model-based population structure analysis categorized 114 accessions of Vigna into 6 genetically distinct sub-populations (K = 6) following admixture-model based simulation with varying levels of admixture. 91 (79.82%) accessions resembled their hierarchy and 23 (20.18%) accessions were observed as the admixture forms. Maximum number of accessions (25) were grouped in sub-population (SP) 6 and the least accessions were grouped in SP3 and SP5 (11 each). The population genetic structure, therefore, supported genetic diversity analysis and provided an insight into the genetic lineage of these species which will help in effective use of germplasm for development of cultivars following selective prebreeding activities.

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Funding

The authors acknowledge the funding support received from Department of Biotechnology, Government of India (Grant no. BT/Ag/Network/Pulses-I/2017-18) and the Uttar Pradesh Council of Agricultural Research, Lucknow (745/AP&AS/CROPS/RF/2014) in the form of funded research projects.

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  1. ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, 208024, India

    Gita Kumari, P. S. Shanmugavadivel, Yogendra Singh, Parikshit Singh, Bharat Patidar, Sanjeev Gupta, N. P. Singh & Aditya Pratap

  2. Sam Higginbottom University of Agricultural Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, UP, 211 008, India

    G. Roopa Lavanya

  3. ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Thrissur, Kerala, 680654, India

    Latha Madhavan

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  1. Gita Kumari
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  10. Aditya Pratap
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Contributions

GK and AP conceptualized, planned and executed the experiment. GK, SPS and AP analyzed the data and interpreted the results. GK, YS, BP and PS undertook field and laboratory experiments, LM provided seeds of some of the accessions. SG, GRP, NPS provided suggestions for improvement of the experiments and the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Aditya Pratap.

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Kumari, G., Roopa Lavanya, G., Shanmugavadivel, P.S. et al. Genetic diversity and population genetic structure analysis of an extensive collection of wild and cultivated Vigna accessions. Mol Genet Genomics 296, 1337–1353 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-021-01825-7

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