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Molecular characterization and genomic mapping of the pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) gene family in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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Abstract

The group 1 pathogenesis-related (PR-1) proteins, known as hallmarks of defense pathways, are encoded by multigene families in plants as evidenced by the presence of 22 and 32 PR-1 genes in the finished Arabidopsis and rice genomes, respectively. Here, we report the initial characterization and mapping of 23 PR-1-like (TaPr-1) genes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which possesses one of the largest (>16,000 megabases) genomes among monocot crop plants. Sequence analysis revealed that the 23 TaPr-1 genes all contain intron-free open reading frames that encode a signal peptide at the N-terminus and a conserved PR-1-like domain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that TaPr-1 genes form three major monophyletic groups along with their counterparts in other monocots; each group consists of genes encoding basic, basic with a C-terminal extension, and acidic PR-1 proteins, respectively, suggesting diversity and conservation of PR-1 gene functions in monocot plants. Mapping analysis assisted by untranslated region-specified discrimination (USD) markers and various cytogenetic stocks located the 23 TaPr-1 genes to seven different chromosomes, with the majority mapping to chromosomes of homoeologous groups 5 and 7. Reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR analysis revealed that 12 TaPr-1 genes were induced or up-regulated upon pathogen challenge. Together, this study provides insights to the origin, evolution, homoeologous relationships, and expression patterns of the TaPr-1 genes. The data presented provide critical information for further genome-wide characterization of the wheat PR-1 gene family and the USD markers developed will facilitate genetic and functional analysis of PR-1 genes associated with plant defense and/or other important traits.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Jamie Hauff, Kelsey Dunnell and Rachel Lindgren for technical assistance, and Michael Edwards for reviewing the manuscript. This research was supported by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service CRIS project 5442-22000-033-00D.

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  1. USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA

    Shunwen Lu, Timothy L. Friesen & Justin D. Faris

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  1. Shunwen Lu
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Correspondence to Shunwen Lu.

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Communicated by K. Shirasu.

Nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the GenBank databases under the accession numbers HQ541961–HQ541981 (for TaPr-1-1 through -21), HQ700376 and HQ700377 (for TaPr-1-22 and -23, respectively).

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Lu, S., Friesen, T.L. & Faris, J.D. Molecular characterization and genomic mapping of the pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) gene family in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Mol Genet Genomics 285, 485–503 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-011-0618-z

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