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Effects of different animal manures on attraction and reproductive behaviors of common house fly, Musca domestica L

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Abstract

Insects rely mainly on their well-developed and highly sophisticated olfactory system to discriminate volatile cues released from host and nonhost substances, mates, oviposition substrates, and food sources. Onset of first mating, mating duration, and onset of first oviposition, oviposition period, fecundity (number of eggs laid by a female), and longevity of freshly emerged Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) adults were observed in the presence of different animal manures: cow, horse, donkey, poultry, and an artificial diet. The M. domestica adults exposed to horse manure showed a delay in onset of first mating and first oviposition, prolonged mating duration, and reduced fecundity compared to the artificial diet (control). Likewise, the fecundity was reduced in the presence of donkey manure as compared to artificial diet. The onset of first mating was delayed and duration of first mating was shortened in the presence of cow manure as compared to artificial diet and no oviposition was observed throughout the duration of the experiment. However, the reproductive behaviors and all fitness measures in adults exposed to poultry manure were similar or even better, compared to the artificial diet. Surprisingly, in a free-choice attraction assay, the highest numbers of adult flies were attracted toward the cow manure as compared to all other manures as well as the artificial diet. However, the numbers of flies captured in all other types of manures were not different than the artificial diet (control). Furthermore, chemical analysis of headspace samples of manures revealed qualitative differences in odor (volatile) profiles of all manures and artificial diet, indicating that behavioral differences could be due to the differences in the volatile chemistry of the adult ovipositional substrates and larval growth mediums. This study may contribute toward both understanding the linkage between ecological adaptations and host selection mechanisms and the development of pest management strategies against this serious pest of medical and veterinary importance.

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Acknowledgments

We are highly thankful to Mr. M. Imran, Dr. N. Abass, Prof. F. Schlyter, and Dr. A. Waheed for their valuable inputs and help in analyzing the results. We are also wholeheartedly thankful to Dr. S. Saeed for the provision of cages to perform the attraction assays. We are very thankful to Prof. Anna Karin Borg-Karlson for the nice gift of SPME fibers and holder. Efforts of Mr. Q. Ali are highly acknowledged for collection of manure samples.

Author’s contribution

RMS, MB, and SAS designed the experiments. RMS, FA, and MA performed the experiments. RMS, MB, and MA analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. MB and SAS supervised the experiments. WBW provided the technical help for the preparation of final manuscript including English language and scientific-content editing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan

    Rizwan Mustafa Shah, Faheem Azhar, Sarfraz Ali Shad & Muhammad Binyameen

  2. Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.Box 102, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden

    William B. Walker III

  3. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan

    Muhammad Azeem

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  1. Rizwan Mustafa Shah
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  2. Faheem Azhar
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  3. Sarfraz Ali Shad
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  4. William B. Walker III
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  5. Muhammad Azeem
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  6. Muhammad Binyameen
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Correspondence to Rizwan Mustafa Shah or Muhammad Binyameen.

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Shah, R.M., Azhar, F., Shad, S.A. et al. Effects of different animal manures on attraction and reproductive behaviors of common house fly, Musca domestica L. Parasitol Res 115, 3585–3598 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5124-0

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