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Silver nanoparticles: a possibility for malarial and filarial vector control technology

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Abstract

Green synthesis technology is one of the rapid, reliable and best routes for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). There are bioactive compounds with enormous potential in Azadirachta indica (Neem). The extraordinary mosquitoes warrant nanotechnology to integrate with novel molecules. This will be sustainable technology for future. Here, we synthesized AgNPs using aqueous extracts of leaves and bark of Az. indica (Neem). We tested AgNPs as larvicides, pupicides and adulticides against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi and filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus. The results were obtained using UV-visible spectrophotometer and the images were recorded with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The efficacy tests were then performed at different concentrations varying many hours by probit analysis. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape and with varied sizes (10.47-nm leaf and 19.22-nm bark). The larvae, pupae and adults of filariasis vector C. quinquefasciatus were found to be more susceptible to our AgNPs than the malaria vector An. stephensi. The first and the second instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus show a mortality rate of 100 % after 30 min of exposure. The results against the pupa of C. quinquefasciatus were recorded as LC50 4 ppm, LC90 11 ppm and LC99 13 ppm after 3 h of exposure. In the case of adult mosquitoes, LC50 1.06 μL/cm2, LC90 2.13 μL/cm2 and LC99 2.4 μL/cm2 were obtained after 4 h of exposure. These results suggest that our AgNPs are environment-friendly for controlling malarial and filarial vectors.

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Acknowledgments

We sincerely thank Prof P. S. Satsangi Sahab, Chairman, Advisory Committee on Education, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, and Prof Prem K. Kalra, Director, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, for their support and encouragement. We also thank the UGC, New Delhi, Major Research Project (39-599/2010) for financial support. We also thank Dr. Shashi Wadhawa for access to TEM (AIIMS, New Delhi).

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  1. Environmental and Advanced Parasitology, Vector Control Biotechnology and Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra, India

    Namita Soni & Soam Prakash

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  1. Namita Soni
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  2. Soam Prakash
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Correspondence to Soam Prakash.

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Soni, N., Prakash, S. Silver nanoparticles: a possibility for malarial and filarial vector control technology. Parasitol Res 113, 4015–4022 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4069-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4069-4

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