Abstract
Background
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most important therapeutic strategies against cancer. However, resistance of cancer cells to radiation remains a major challenge for RT. Thus, novel strategies to overcome cancer cell radioresistance are urgent. Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a biological process by which damaged cell components can be removed and accordingly represent a cytoprotective mechanism. Because radiation-induced autophagy is associated with either cell death or radioresistance of cancer cells, a deeper understanding of the autophagy mechanism triggered by radiation will expedite a development of strategies improving the efficacy of RT. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in many biological processes. Mounting evidence indicates that many miRNAs are involved in regulation of the autophagic process induced by radiation insult, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Therefore, a deep understanding of the mechanisms of miRNAs in regulating autophagy and radioresistance will provide a new perspective for RT against cancer.
Methods
We summarized the recent pertinent literature from various electronic databases, including PubMed. We reviewed the radiation-induced autophagy response and its association of the role, function and regulation of miRNAs, and discussed the feasibility of targeting autophagy-related miRNAs to improve the efficacy of RT.
Conclusion
The beneficial or harmful effect of autophagy may depend on the types of cancer and stress. The cytoprotective role of autophagy plays a dominant role in cancer RT. For most tumor cells, reducing radiation-induced autophagy can improve the efficacy of RT. MiRNAs have been confirmed to take part in the autophagy regulatory network of cancer RT, the autophagy-regulating miRNAs therefore could be developed as potential targets for improving RT.
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Abbreviations
- RT:
-
Radiotherapy
- IR:
-
Ionizing radiation
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- NPC:
-
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- GBM:
-
Human glioblastoma multiforme
- PCa:
-
Prostate cancer
- HDMEC:
-
Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells
- PBL:
-
Peripheral blood lymphocytes
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This work is jointly supported by the National Key Research Program of China (Grant no. 2016YFC0904700, 2016YFC0904702), the NSFC-CAS Joint Fund for Research Based on Large-scaled Scientific Facilities (Grant no. U1532264), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 11305223 and 11505245), and the Western Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant no. Y562020XB0).
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Li, H., Jin, X., Chen, B. et al. Autophagy-regulating microRNAs: potential targets for improving radiotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 144, 1623–1634 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-018-2675-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-018-2675-8