Abstract
Motion perception is complex for the brain to process, involving interacting computations of distance, time, and speed. These computations can be biased by the context and the features of the perceived moving object, giving rise to several types of motion illusions. Recent research has shown that, in addition to object features and context, lifelong priors can bias attributes of perception. In the present work, we investigated if such long acquired expectations can bias speed perception. Using a two-interval forced-choice (2-IFC) task, we asked 160 participants in different experiments to judge which of two vehicles, one archetypically fast (e.g. a motorbike), and one comparatively slower (e.g. a bike), was faster. By varying the objective speeds of the two-vehicle types, and measuring the participants’ point of subjective equality, we observed a consistent bias in participants’ speed perception. Counterintuitively, in the first three experiments the speed of an archetypically slow vehicle had to be decreased relative to that of an archetypically fast vehicle, for the two to be judged as the same. Similarly, in the next three experiments, an archetypically fast vehicle’s speed had to be increased relative to an archetypically slow vehicle’s speed, for the two to be perceived as equal. Four additional control experiments replicated our results. We define this newly found bias as the expected-speed violation illusion (ESVI). We believe the ESVI as conceptually very similar to the size-weight illusion, and discuss it within the Bayesian framework of human perception.
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Notes
In prediction-motion tasks, participants typically see a moving target (which is then occluded) and they judge when the target would have reached a specified point on the occluded path or a visible cue that represents the end of the occluded path (Makin, Poliakoff, Chen, & Stewart, 2008).
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Funding
The study was supported by a grant from the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR; Grant number Dipartimenti di Eccellenza DM 11/05/2017 n.262), to the Department of General Psychology of the Università degli Studi di Padova.
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Battaglini, L., Mioni, G., Casco, C. et al. Probing the effect of the expected-speed violation illusion. Psychological Research 85, 2782–2791 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01426-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01426-w