Abstract
Main conclusion
Auto-fluorescent condensed tannins specifically accumulated in mesophyll cells of non-salt secretor mangroves are involved in the compartmentation of Na+ and osmotic regulation, contributing to their salt tolerance.
Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress affecting the distribution and growth of mangrove plants. The salt exclusion mechanism from salt secretor mangrove leaves is quite known; however, salt management strategies in non-salt secretor leaves remain unclear. In this study, we reported the auto-fluorescent inclusions (AFIs) specifically accumulated in mesophyll cells (MCs) of four non-salt secretor mangroves but absent in three salt secretors. The AFIs increased with the leaf development under natural condition, and applied NaCl concentrations applied in the lab. The AFIs in MCs were isolated and identified as condensed tannin accretions (CTAs) using the dye dimethyl-amino-cinnamaldehyde (DMACA), specific for condensed tannin (CT), both in situ leaf cross sections and in the purified AFIs. Fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis indicated that the CTAs originated from the inflated chloroplasts. The CTAs had an obvious membrane and could induce changes in shape and fluorescence intensity in hypotonic and hypertonic NaCl solutions, suggesting CTAs might have osmotic regulation ability and play an important role in the osmotic regulation in MCs. The purified CTAs were labeled by the fluorescent sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate acetoxymethyl ester (SBFI-AM), confirming they were involved in the compartmentation of excess Na+ in MCs. This study provided a new view on the salt resistance-associated strategies in mangroves.
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Data availability
All the data supporting the findings of this study are included in this article/Supplementary material. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.
Abbreviations
- AFI:
-
Autofluorescent inclusion
- CT:
-
Condensed tannin
- CTAs:
-
Condensed tannin accretions
- DMACA:
-
Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde
- EDX:
-
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- MC:
-
Mesophyll cell
- SBFI-AM:
-
Sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate acetoxymethyl ester
- TEM:
-
Transmission electron microscope
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscope
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Prof. Hailei Zheng and Dr. Zhiyu Hu from Xiamen University for their constructive suggestions to the manuscript.
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This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (2022J01053), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0506102) and XMU Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Programs (No. 201910384279; No. 202110384210).
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LC and XZ conceived and designed the study; SG and KC investigated and collected samples; LC, XL, HH, YW, SD, and JY performed the experiments; HH and XL analyzed the data; XZ and LC wrote and revised the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
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Zhu, X., Huang, H., Luo, X. et al. Condensed tannin accretions specifically distributed in mesophyll cells of non-salt secretor mangroves help in salt tolerance. Planta 258, 100 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-023-04254-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-023-04254-5